英文名称：The Story Of Plastic
年代：2020
推荐：千部英美剧台词本阅读
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| [00:11] | – 劳埃德·斯托弗 \h\h1956年塑料工业协会演讲 | |
| [00:23] | Here’s a scene that has long | 这已经是一个 |
| [00:25] | since ceased causing any surprise. | 久见不怪的景象了 |
| [00:27] | The womenfolk washing dishes made of plastic. | 妇女们洗碗时用的是塑料碟 |
| [00:30] | Dishes that bounce when they drop to the floor. | 当它们掉在地板上时 就会反弹 |
| [00:33] | Hard to realize it, but it was only 10 years ago | 很少有人意识到 但其实第一磅聚苯乙烯塑料的 |
| [00:36] | that the first pound of polystyrene plastic was sold | 出售时间距今只有短短10年 |
| [00:43] | And the chemical age is just dawning. | 化学时代即将来临 |
| [00:49] | These few things, my friends, | 这些事情 我的朋友们 |
| [00:52] | are only a hint of what American industry holds in the future. | 只是美国工业未来发展的一个小铺垫而已 |
| [01:01] | Yes, mylar’s properties are right in its molecules | 没错 聚酯薄膜的特性恰好是铺垫中的一分子 |
| [01:01] | 聚酯薄膜是一种高分子塑料薄膜 因其综合性能优良而广受消费者的青睐 | |
| [01:05] | and with them are coming new and better things for us all. | 它们的出现意味着我们所有人都将会受益 |
| [01:12] | Today will be a better day for a lot of people | 对于许多人来说 当今社会比以往提升了不少 |
| [01:16] | simply because of a material we call plastic. | 而这都要归功于”塑料”的诞生 |
| [01:22] | This industry is well positioned | 塑料工业处于一个优良地位 |
| [01:24] | to build on our accomplishments | 能帮助我们建立成就 |
| [01:27] | to shape a sustainable and prosperous future. | 塑造一个稳定而繁荣的未来 |
| [01:34] | In summary, we believe the best is yet to come. | 综上 我们相信”最好”的时代仍在未来等着我们 |
| [01:59] | I think, like many people, I had noticed a real surge of attention | 和许多人一样 我开始对塑料污染问题 |
| [02:03] | and interest in the issue of plastic pollution. | 产生了关注和兴趣 |
| [02:08] | 佐伊·卡彭特 记者 | |
| [02:17] | 警告： 塑料危机 正在越变越严重 | |
| [02:24] | This sort of all came about from conversations | 这些素材都是我从 |
| [02:26] | with activists who are working on plastics issues. | 和塑料问题参与者们的谈话中收集来的 |
| [02:30] | Oftentimes what I do is ask people that are close to an issue, | 我一般会询问那些对指定问题比较了解的人 |
| [02:33] | how they feel about the media coverage. | 看看他们对媒体报道有何感想 |
| [02:38] | And one thing I was consistently hearing | 几乎每个人都提到了同一件事 |
| [02:39] | was that there was a gap in coverage | 那就是每当提到故事的开端时 |
| [02:42] | when it came to the front end of the story. | 报道总是会出现一段空隙 |
| [02:45] | So there was a ton of attention around the final stage | 以至于只有当塑料的生命周期最后阶段 |
| [02:49] | of the plastics lifecycle | 变成了污染时 |
| [02:50] | when it actually becomes pollution, | 才会引起众人的关注 |
| [02:53] | but not as many people were telling the story | 而塑料到底源自何方 |
| [02:55] | about where plastic comes from. | 并没有人关心 |
| [03:08] | Carroll Muffett | 国际环境法中心 |
| [03:13] | You can never solve the plastic waste crisis | 要想解决塑料危机 |
| [03:16] | just by dealing with it as a waste issue. | 把它当成普通废物处理是行不通的 |
| [03:19] | Who is making the plastics in the first place and why? | 是谁一开始制作了塑料 又是为了什么 |
| [03:25] | Our history of plastics began over 30 million years ago | 我们的塑料史始于三千万年前 |
| [03:28] | when intense heat, natural chemical changes, | 在酷热 自然化学变化 |
| 本电影台词包含不重复单词：1621个。 其中的生词包含：四级词汇：398个，六级词汇：212个，GRE词汇：201个，托福词汇：300个，考研词汇：423个，专四词汇：332个，专八词汇：64个， 所有生词标注共：743个。 定制生词标注的台词本和单词统计，请访问生词标注台词本 | ||
| [03:31] | and tremendous pressures created | 以及地壳运动 |
| [03:33] | by the shifting of the earth’s crust | 所产生的巨大压力的条件下 |
| [03:35] | formed the substance needed to make plastic — | 形成了塑料原料 |
| [03:38] | Petroleum. | 石油 |
| [03:41] | 99% of what goes into plastics is fossil fuels, | 塑料的原料有99%是化石燃料 |
| [03:46] | and so unsurprisingly, the same companies that make plastics | 因此 毫不奇怪 那些制造塑料的公司 |
| [03:49] | are also the companies that sell us fossil fuels — | 也是向我们兜售化石燃料的公司 |
| [03:51] | Exxon, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, | 像埃克森美孚 雪佛龙 康菲公司 |
| [03:55] | Shell, and DowDuPont, | 壳牌和陶氏杜邦 |
| [03:57] | which in addition to being a major chemicals company, | 这些公司不仅是化学工业的中流砥柱 |
| [04:00] | is also a major player in oil and gas. | 在石油和汽油方面也是大腕 |
| [04:08] | Plastics were initially a waste product. | 塑料最初是工业垃圾 |
| [04:11] | The company could either pay | 企业要么花钱 |
| [04:13] | to dispose of the leftovers responsibly | 认真地处理废物 |
| [04:15] | or it could turn them into a new product. | 要么就把它们变成新产品 |
| [04:19] | Oil companies compete with each other | 石油公司互相竞争 |
| [04:22] | in taking the petroleum molecule apart | 将石油分子分离 |
| [04:25] | and rearranging it into… | 然后重组成为 |
| [04:27] | Well, you name it — | 当然 你们称之它为 |
| [04:29] | Fabric’s, toothbrushes, tires, insecticides, cosmetics, | 面料 牙刷 轮胎 杀虫剂 化妆品 |
| [04:36] | Weed killers, | 除草剂 |
| [04:38] | a whole galaxy of things to make a better life on earth. | 一整个体系的物品让生活更美好 |
| [04:50] | 在经济大萧条和第二次世界大战期间实行的广泛节约之后 发展中的塑料行业给出了新的信息”买买买” | |
| [05:03] | Just as there are many kinds of woods and metals, | 就像有许多种木材和金属一样 |
| [05:06] | so there are many kinds of plastics. | 塑料的种类也有很多 |
| [05:10] | This is plexiglass, too, | 这是有机玻璃 一样 |
| [05:12] | one of the most fascinating | 是一种非常迷人 |
| [05:14] | and beautiful of the new plastic materials | 且美丽的新型塑料制品 |
| [05:16] | created by chemical science, | 由化学技术研制 |
| [05:18] | ready to bring new beauty and comfort to your home | 为您的新家带来美观和舒适 |
| [05:22] | and add charm to your peace-time living. | 为您的生活平添魅力 |
| [05:29] | Plastic is a miracle material. | 塑料是一种充满魔力的物质 |
| [05:32] | When it was created, | 在它刚被创造出来时 |
| [05:33] | it was hailed as the biggest invention of the time. | 被誉为当时最伟大的发明 |
| [05:39] | It’s extremely durable. It lasts very, very long. | 它极其耐用 使用周期极长 |
| [05:43] | And so the reality is that because plastic has all these good qualities, | 然而 也正是因为塑料的这些良好特性 |
| [05:49] | it’s extremely bad for the environment. | 让它对环境产生了极其糟糕的影响 |
| [05:56] | 蒂扎·马菲拉 印度尼西亚塑料袋节约运动 | |
| [06:00] | I was a corporate lawyer for six years, | 我曾经担任了六年的企业律师 |
| [06:01] | and then I decided to leave it to work on something | 后来我决定离开 |
| [06:03] | that I actually cared about | 去到我真正关心 |
| [06:05] | and where I actually had a personal stake in the outcome. | 并且能对我产生自身利益的职位上 |
| [06:12] | 15 years ago, I could still go to a pristine beach | 15年前 我依然能够去最原始的海滩 |
| [06:15] | and collect seashells. | 收集贝壳 |
| [06:17] | And it makes me sad to think that | 但让我失望的是 |
| [06:19] | some of the children born today, and even my own daughter, | 在当今社会出生的孩子们 包括我的女儿 |
| [06:24] | won’t have the memory of a cleaner world. | 他们的童年没法像我的一样干净清洁了 |
| [06:34] | I just want her to be aware of why her world is the way it is | 我想让她明白为什么她的世界会变成现在这样 |
| [06:38] | and that it could be better. | 让她意识到一切本可以变得更好 |
| [06:41] | 利翁河 印度尼西亚 | |
| [06:48] | I feel like I don’t know how to answer anymore | 我已经回答不上来接下来的这个问题了 |
| [06:50] | when people say, | 每当人们问到 |
| [06:53] | “why are you focusing on plastic? | “你为什么这么关心塑料 |
| [06:55] | Why is plastic a problem?” | 塑料怎么就是个问题了”的时候 |
| [06:58] | I mean, I feel like I should just take them here | 我觉得我就应该直接把他们带过来 |
| [07:03] | and not say anything, | 答案便不言而喻了 |
| [07:04] | just take them here and then see what they think, | 直接带他们过来 再听听他们的想法 |
| [07:07] | whether they think plastic bags are not a problem anymore. | 看看他们还觉不觉得塑料袋不是个问题 |
| [07:15] | I can still remember a time when I was still a teenager | 我还能记得我年少时期的事情 |
| [07:20] | and this wasn’t a problem, | 当时还完全不用担心这件事 |
| [07:22] | so we’re not talking about decades. | 所以我们现在讨论的时间范围不是几十年 |
| [07:25] | We’re talking about maybe 10 to 15 years | 而是在未来的10到15年里 |
| [07:28] | of this kind of lifestyle. | 我们该如何在这种环境下生存 |
| [07:35] | A lot of the single-use plastics | 大量的一次性塑料 |
| [07:37] | that end up polluting our planet, | 污染了我们整个星球 |
| [07:40] | we only use them once and they stay forever. | 我们只用一次 它们却存之长久 |
| [07:43] | They’re made of a material that lasts forever. | 它们的原材料是几乎能被永久保存的 |
| [07:47] | They’re not something that we need | 它们不是我们生活中 |
| [07:50] | as an essential part of our lives. | 必不可少的物品 |
| [07:55] | And yet, here we are, stuck with it. | 可我们现在依旧在面对着这些扎堆的塑料 |
| [08:01] | Unfortunately, data are coming back that plastics | 不幸的是 数据显示 |
| [08:03] | really are a significant component of the waste | 塑料在海洋垃圾中 |
| [08:06] | that enters the ocean, so that’s largely a matter | 占比相当之大 这很大程度上 |
| [08:07] | 史蒂夫·罗素 / 塑料部副总 美国化学理事会 | |
| [08:09] | of poorly or unmanaged municipal solid waste. | 是因为固体废弃物的管理不善 |
| [08:12] | In parts of the world, unlike here, | 不像我们这里 世界上还有不少地方 |
| [08:15] | where there is not an infrastructure to gather | 那里没有能收集 |
| [08:18] | and appropriately dispose of the waste. | 并适当处理废物的基础设施 |
| [08:24] | I think what’s most frustrating is that | 我觉得最令人沮丧的是 |
| [08:27] | the industries are out there pushing the idea that | 业界一直在对外宣称 |
| [08:30] | this is all because of bad management. | 垃圾会堆在这里 全都是因为管理不当 |
| [08:33] | You know, that the waste is here because | 宣称说 这一切都是因为 |
| [08:36] | the government isn’t putting enough funding | 政府没有把足够的基金 |
| [08:39] | into proper waste management, | 用在正规垃圾管理上 |
| [08:41] | but they’re distracting from the truth, | 他们一直在掩盖事实 |
| [08:45] | which is that there is no way you can manage this waste. | 掩盖人们明明可以为此出一份力的事实 |
| [08:48] | It’s not meant to be managed. | 他们让群众产生了”这种事根本管不了”的错觉 |
| [08:53] | I think we should band together | 我认为我们应该团结起来 |
| [08:54] | and have a serious discussion on a global scale | 认真地做一个全球性的讨论 |
| [08:57] | because these companies are operating on a global scale. | 因为这些公司也是全球性发展的 |
| [09:02] | 为应对全球塑料危机 相关的民众和团体发起了”摆脱塑料”的运动 该运动现包括1500多个组织 | |
| [09:23] | 普拉蒂巴·夏尔马 全球焚化炉替代方案联盟 | |
| [09:27] | The issue of waste and plastic pollution, | 废物和塑料污染问题 |
| [09:29] | it is about this deeply embedded injustice | 会让人深切地感到愤愤不平 |
| [09:33] | that really motivates me to keep doing what I’m doing. | 一直激励着我在这条路上坚持下去 |
| [09:42] | We are standing in ghazipur D-block dairy farm | 我们现在位于加济布尔的D区奶场 |
| [09:46] | next to the landfill, which receives | 旁边紧挨着的是一个垃圾场 |
| [09:48] | waste from almost half of delhi. | 接收着将近半个德里的垃圾 |
| [09:58] | 曼南·坎 加济普尔奶场 奶农 | |
| [10:27] | Plastic products are only | 在印度 塑料制品 |
| [10:29] | creating a mountain of waste in India. | 只给我们带来了成座的垃圾山 |
| [10:46] | Trash only becomes trash | 只有在发挥了原本的用途之后 |
| [10:48] | after it has first served a useful purpose. | 垃圾才会变成真正的垃圾 |
| [10:51] | 由 罗纳德·里根 讲述 | |
| [10:52] | 《辉煌的遗产》(1963) “让美国保持美丽”组织 & 里奇菲尔德石油公司 | |
| [10:55] | The art of modern packaging | 现代包装的艺术 |
| [10:57] | has helped to make our outings even more enjoyable. | 甚至能让我们的出游更加愉快 |
| [11:01] | But it is these wonderful packages | 但这些美妙的包装 |
| [11:03] | thoughtlessly discarded, | 被我们无意间丢弃 |
| [11:05] | which we carelessly convert to litter. | 最终沦为垃圾 |
| [11:10] | 为了响应有关一次性包装限制令的第一道法律 美国公司成立了”让美国保持美丽”组织 然而 该组织将重心转移到了不乱扔垃圾上 导致一次性包装限制令消失了几十年 | |
| [11:31] | I think in a lot of discussions of various environmental problems, | 我认为 在各种环境问题的讨论中 |
| [11:34] | we put a lot of onus on the consumer. | 我们都把很多责任推卸到了消费者们身上 |
| [11:37] | And that’s an easy-to-digest narrative, | 虽然这个故事听起来可能过于简单 |
| [11:40] | even though it’s very simplistic. | 但它的逻辑还是很容易理解的 |
| [11:43] | People start pollution. People can stop it. | 人们创造污染 也能终结污染 |
| [11:48] | And I do think that there is a place for that. | 我认为这件事肯定能行得通 |
| [11:51] | But I think that that often has the effect | 但依我拙见 |
| [11:52] | of obscuring the big structural issues | 把责任推到消费者身上无疑是在掩盖 |
| [11:55] | that are driving many of these environmental problems | 大部分环境问题的真正源头 |
| [11:58] | and the fact that the people that are profiting | 并且 那些靠破坏环境而受益的人 |
| [12:00] | off of creating environmental issues | 并没有被要求 |
| [12:03] | are not being asked to change their own behavior. | 做出行为上的改变 |
| [12:06] | 马尼拉 菲律宾 | |
| [12:22] | 弗洛兰·格雷特 全球焚化炉替代方案联盟 地球母亲基金会 | |
| [12:32] | On a personal level, I have stopped using plastic bags | 我个人已经不再使用塑料袋 |
| [12:35] | and plastic straws, and that’s a great thing, | 和塑料吸管了 这很棒 |
| [12:38] | but you realize at the systematic level, | 但如果从大局来看 |
| [12:42] | that doesn’t change anything. | 这点小改变根本无济于事 |
| [12:50] | I grew up in an island enjoying nature. | 我在一座风景宜人的小岛上长大 |
| [12:55] | When I was in college, I moved to manila to study. | 大学时搬到了马尼拉 |
| [13:02] | The first thing that struck me | 当我来到这里时 |
| [13:03] | when I arrived here was the amount of waste that’s on the bay. | 我立刻被海湾上堆积的大片垃圾震惊到了 |
| [13:12] | This is not what I want for my island, | 我不希望我的小岛也落得这个下场 |
| [13:16] | the place where I grew up, | 那是我长大的地方 |
| [13:17] | and I know | 而我深知 |
| [13:18] | if I don’t do something, that will happen. | 如果再不行动 这将是小岛的明天 |
| [13:24] | 冯‧贺南德兹 零塑料 | |
| [13:30] | Plastic pollution is really a life and death issue for most people, | 塑料污染置大多数人命于生死之间 |
| [13:34] | at least in this part of the world. | 至少在这里是这样的 |
| [13:39] | Manila bay is like a cove, | 马尼拉海湾地势内凹 |
| [13:40] | and there’s several provinces located along that coastline, | 沿海岸线分布着几个省 |
| [13:44] | so whatever the currents bring in from outside, | 因此 无论洋流的裹挟物是什么 |
| [13:47] | they stay within that cove. | 都会长期留在海湾 |
| [13:49] | And whatever waste is deposited into the bay | 除此之外 从河道流入海湾的那些垃圾 |
| [13:53] | from the rivers also stays there. | 也没有办法离开海湾 |
| [14:00] | Every day, day in, day out, | 日复一日 从日出到日落 |
| [14:02] | this cleaning operations going on. | 一直在进行着垃圾清理 |
| [14:10] | It’s unending. | 无休无止 |
| [14:16] | You can do cleanups, and the problem will not go away. | 问题并不会随着你清理垃圾就此消除 |
| [14:22] | You have to look at the root causes. | 必须找到污染根源 |
| [14:23] | We can’t be doing cleanups all our lives. | 我们总不能一辈子都在这儿清理垃圾 |
| [14:28] | This is not a solution. | 这不是解决之道 |
| [14:39] | 约瑟夫·波哥尼亚 马尼拉港口渔民 | |
| [14:44] | We’re a archipelagic country | 我们是一个岛国 |
| [14:46] | and we depend on fish and seafood for sustenance. | 靠着鱼类和其他海产品为生 |
| [14:50] | It is pretty much part of the filipino | 可以说是菲律宾人 |
| [14:52] | lifestyle and culture. | 生活方式和文化的一大部分了 |
| [15:11] | 60-40% 60-40% | |
| [15:30] | The stuff we read about saying | 有报道预言 |
| [15:33] | there’ll be more plastics in the oceans than fish in 2050, | 到2050年 海洋中的塑料将比鱼类更多 |
| [15:37] | that’s actually a reality for most of these fishermen. | 这对多数渔民来说 已经是现实了 |
| [15:43] | And a lot of this is really unrecyclable plastics. | 而且大部分是不可回收塑料 |
| [15:46] | A great percentage are really multi-layer packaging. | 有很多是多层包装 |
| [15:49] | The sachets that you find like this one, | 比如这样的小袋 |
| [15:52] | you cannot recycle this. | 不能被回收 |
| [15:54] | Nobody bothers to collect them, | 没人会劳心劳力来收集这些 |
| [15:55] | that’s why they end up here. | 所以它们才会沦落到这里 |
| [16:06] | Who bears the burden of this pollution? | 谁来承受污染的恶果 |
| [16:09] | You have the marginal communities, | 边缘社群 |
| [16:12] | coastal communities, the fishing communities, and the people, | 沿海地区 渔村 |
| [16:15] | the citizens who are forced, through their taxes, | 和因为税收而被迫 |
| [16:19] | shoulder the plastic cleanup. | 承担了塑料清理工作的市民们 |
| [16:25] | These companies have been able to get away | 正是这样才使得这些背后的公司 |
| [16:27] | with it for many years now. | 能多年地逃脱清理责任 |
| [16:31] | 为了避免由于公众环保意识提高而招致的批评 包装公司敦促市政当局运行纳税人资助的回收类项目 | |
| [16:47] | 伯克利 美国 加州 | |
| [16:51] | We got into recycling | 之所以从事垃圾回收行业 |
| [16:53] | because we thought it was the right thing to do. | 是因为我们觉得这是应该做的 |
| [16:56] | 马丁·布尔克 生态环境中心 | |
| [16:59] | Of course, it is a disposal service. | 当然 这是垃圾处置服务 |
| [17:02] | At its core, it’s taking stuff that people don’t want anymore | 其本质是利用人们不要的东西 |
| [17:05] | and trying to do something better than landfill with it. | 来试着做比垃圾填埋更有意义的事 |
| [17:10] | You can see the range of things | 你们可以看到 |
| [17:12] | that are coming out of people’s houses. | 这里大多数垃圾都是大家的日常用品 |
| [17:14] | 10, 15 years ago, | 10到15年前 |
| [17:16] | This would have had a lot more aluminum, | 更多的是应该是铝制品 |
| [17:21] | a lot more glass. | 和很多的玻璃制品 |
| [17:23] | It’s amazing | 可令人吃惊的是 |
| [17:24] | how many things have moved to plastic. | 许多东西已经变成了塑料制品 |
| [17:59] | People think plastic can be recycled, | 通常人们认为塑料是可回收的 |
| [18:02] | but actually, most plastic is very hard to recycle. | 但事实上 大部分塑料很难再回收 |
| [18:06] | 齐扎·马菲拉 印尼反塑料袋运动 | |
| [18:07] | So this is data from the world economic forum. | 这是来自世界经济论坛的数据 |
| [18:10] | It shows that 32% of plastic packaging | 从中显示 32%的塑料包装 |
| [18:15] | ends up littering the environment, | 最终都会被随处乱扔 污染环境 |
| [18:17] | 40% is sitting in a landfill somewhere, | 40%进入垃圾填埋场 |
| [18:22] | 14% is incinerated, 14% is recycled, | 14%被焚烧 14%被回收 |
| [18:27] | but only 2% is effectively recycled. | 仅有2%被有效回收 |
| [18:31] | Effectively recycled means that it’s recycled into something | 有效回收是指 在回收加工后 |
| [18:34] | that’s actually as useful as what it was before. | 其利用价值和以前一样 |
| [18:38] | Most of it is down cycled, | 大部分情况是降级回收 |
| [18:40] | meaning that it becomes something worse. | 指回收后性能将退化 |
| [18:44] | Unlike glass and metals, | 不同于玻璃和金属 |
| [18:46] | plastics degrade when they’re recycled. | 塑料在回收时会降解 |
| [18:48] | Most recycled plastic is only recycled | 大部分塑料在进入垃圾填埋场 |
| [18:51] | once before ending up in landfills, | 焚化炉和污染环境前 |
| [18:54] | incinerators, and the environment. | 只能被回收一次 |
| [19:01] | 包装行业继续与限制一次性用品作斗争 同时推进政府财政资助的回收项目 在美国 塑料的回收率提高了近四倍 | |
| [19:09] | Cities around us had kind of caved | 我们周围的城市 |
| [19:12] | to collect all plastics campaign | 都在迎合美国化学理事会的 |
| [19:16] | of the American Chemistry Council. | 收集所有塑料运动 |
| [19:17] | 美国 \h\h化学 理事会 | |
| [19:19] | Plastics recycling is pretty cool. | 回收塑料非常酷 |
| [19:22] | And today, we’re recycling more and more. | 如今 可回收物越来越多 |
| [19:25] | Recycling plastics is a fairly simple process. | 塑料回收的过程非常简单 |
| [19:30] | In 2013, under significant pressure from our city council, | 2013年 在市政府的强制要求下 |
| [19:35] | we began accepting non-bottle mixed rigid plastic. | 人们开始逐渐接受非瓶装硬质混合塑料 |
| [19:40] | So all the plastic containers — berry containers, | 所有的塑料容器 草莓包装 |
| [19:42] | keg cups, plastic cold cups, you know, from starbucks. | 小桶杯 星巴克的塑料冷杯 |
| [19:49] | Procter and gamble wants us all to believe | 宝洁希望所有人相信 |
| [19:50] | 清新香型洗碗机用 清洁凝胶球 | |
| [19:51] | that all their packaged goods | 他们的包装 |
| [19:53] | are in totally environmentally sound packaging. | 是完全环保的 |
| [19:54] | 加拿大 潘婷护发素 | |
| [19:57] | They want us all | 他们希望我们所有人 |
| [19:58] | using single-use packaged products | 都使用一次性包装产品 |
| [20:02] | so that we’re just on the supply chain. | 好让大家都处在供应链上 |
| [20:08] | It’s totally unfair to the cities | 对于城市和后端的回收者来说 |
| [20:09] | and the recyclers on the back end | 这非常不公平 |
| [20:11] | because then everyone says, “oh, it’s recyclable. | 因为每个人都会说 “这是可回收的 |
| [20:14] | You should collect it.” | 你应该收集起来” |
| [20:15] | Well, then what? | 好吧 收集了然后呢 |
| [20:17] | We have to pay to sort it, we have to pay to process it, | 我们必须付钱来进行分类 处理 |
| [20:21] | and then we don’t have any markets for it. | 但这没有市场 |
| [20:25] | Once we said we would accept it | 一旦有人同意接受 |
| [20:27] | and we would start sorting it and packing it for export, | 我们就开始分类整理 包装出口 |
| [20:30] | It was just like the floodgates were open. | 就像打开了水坝的闸门一样 |
| [20:32] | I mean, the tons went up and up and up and up and up. | 吨数越积越高 成倍地递增 |
| [20:37] | Because China was buying it, | 因为中国在购买 |
| [20:38] | there actually was a market for that stuff, | 实际就有市场 |
| [20:40] | and even if we couldn’t afford to sort it out here, | 即便我们不能负担分类的费用 |
| [20:45] | we could bail it up and ship it | 也可以把它捆好 |
| [20:47] | in a shipping container over there | 装进集装箱 |
| [20:48] | and somebody over there would sort it out. | 运到中国 交给那里的人处理 |
| [20:55] | 中国利剑政策 严厉禁止废弃塑料进口 | |
| [20:59] | The United States was shipping over 50% of its plastics to china. | 美国正在将其50%以上的塑料运往中国 |
| [21:02] | 克拉丽莎·莫拉斯基 循环平台 | |
| [21:03] | The situation was very similar in Europe. | 欧洲也同样如此 |
| [21:04] | We were just shipping it all to China. | 把所有的塑料运到中国 |
| [21:06] | China will deal with it. | 中国会处理 |
| [21:08] | And we built up these big recycling programs | 我们建立了这些大型回收项目 |
| [21:10] | and everything was about recycle, recycle, | 一切都是关于回收 回收 |
| [21:12] | recycle, recycle is the solution to everything | 回收是万能的解决之道 |
| [21:15] | because we had China there. | 因为我们有中国 |
| [21:17] | So China has just said, “you know what? | 所以中国现在才会说 “你们猜现在怎么着 |
| [21:19] | We’re sick of being a dumping ground | 我们不想再继续当垃圾场了 |
| [21:20] | and we don’t want this stuff introduced into our country.” | 我们不想让这些东西继续进入我们国家了” |
| [21:24] | 大毛 中国零浪费联盟 | |
| [21:35] | They’re useless — plastics. | 他们许多是无用的塑料 |
| [21:37] | Many of them are single-use containers, | 其中许多是一次性容器 |
| [21:41] | low value plastics, films. | 低价塑料 薄膜 |
| [21:43] | So in general, we see this as a positive. | 所以总的来说 我们认为这是积极的 |
| [21:46] | This gives a chance to upgrade our recycling industry. | 这为升级我们的回收行业提供了契机 |
| [21:52] | The Chinese waste ban has really been | 中国的废物禁令 |
| [21:54] | 艾玛·普里斯特兰 零塑料 | |
| [21:56] | a shocking event for Europe. | 对欧洲是一个大事件 |
| [21:58] | People didn’t know that their recycled plastic | 人们不知道他们回收后的塑料 |
| [22:02] | was actually being shipped to China. | 其实被运往了中国 |
| [22:09] | 塑料堆积如山 由于中国拒绝接手西方垃圾回收 | |
| [22:11] | The waste that used to be shipped elsewhere | 现在我们必须要面对和处理 |
| [22:13] | is now here for us to deal with and we have to confront it, | 曾经运往别处的废物 |
| [22:17] | because in Europe, we really have plastic waste piling up. | 因为在欧洲 我们的塑料废物真的堆积如山了 |
| [22:22] | I see the China thing as a reckoning | 我把中国看作是最后一道关卡 |
| [22:24] | because it’s all been this false market | 因为就算我们把塑料垃圾运往中国 |
| [22:27] | where we’ve just been shipping stuff to China. | 我们的市场也一直是虚假的 |
| [22:30] | It starts backing up. It’s not getting exported, | 它开始滞留 没有出口 |
| [22:34] | so what’s going to happen with it? | 后续如何呢 |
| [22:36] | 中国 顺德 利剑禁令前的塑料进口仓库 | |
| [22:44] | 陈莉雯 中国零浪费联盟 | |
| [22:54] | When the ban happened in China, | 当中国发出禁令后 |
| [22:58] | businessmen went to Thailand, | 商人去往泰国 |
| [23:01] | Vietnam, or other countries. | 越南 或其他国家 |
| [23:08] | A year ago, china was taking 10 times | 一年前 中国的塑料用量 |
| [23:10] | the amount of plastic they’re taking today. | 是今天的十倍 |
| [23:15] | And that is a massive amount of plastic. | 那是难以计数的塑料 |
| [23:23] | So if you think we’re just going to take it from China | 所以如果你认为 只要把它从中国 |
| [23:25] | and ship it to Thailand or Indonesia or Vietnam, | 运到泰国 印度尼西亚或是越南 |
| [23:30] | they don’t have that kind of capacity today. | 他们目前还不具备这种能力 |
| [23:34] | So whatever kind of infrastructure | 因此 无论想发展何种基础设施 |
| [23:36] | is being developed has got to be pretty ad hoc. | 都必须得完全符合需求才行 |
| [23:39] | 莫佐克托 印度尼西亚 | |
| [23:40] | You know, could range from somebody’s backyard | 这个范围小至包括某人的后院 |
| [23:43] | to a partly covered warehouse, | 大至半开放的仓库 |
| [23:46] | and that is very concerning. | 而把握好这个度 是很难的 |
| [23:53] | 普里吉·阿里桑迪 埃克顿保护组织 | |
| [23:58] | From U.S. It’s Texas. | 这是来自美国的 得州 |
| [24:04] | Yeah, it’s from Australia. | 这是来自澳大利亚的 |
| [24:07] | It’s from Toronto. Toronto. | 这个是来自多伦多的 |
| [24:14] | These are nestlé from U.K. | 这些是英国那边的雀巢 |
| [24:17] | Yeah, this one from Oregon, from Oregon. | 这个是俄勒冈州的 |
| [24:21] | From new zealand, Dunkin’ Donut. | 新西兰当地的唐恩都乐甜甜圈 |
| [24:27] | Radok is Unilever. | 来多可属于联合利华 |
| [24:29] | Teavana. | 茶瓦纳 |
| [24:37] | What do you think somebody is really going to do with this? | 你觉得有人能应付得了这些吗 |
| [24:41] | It’s all different colors. It’s got film and plastic. | 这些垃圾颜色不同 这个有薄膜和塑料 |
| [24:48] | You got seven different kinds of resin. | 这有七种不同的树脂 |
| [24:52] | This stuff’s been printed on, so there’s ink in the plastic. | 这些东西是印上去的 所以塑料里掺有墨 |
| [24:58] | You know what — what are you really going to make with it? | 你能用这些东西造出什么呢 |
| [25:03] | And they have to be able to tell the difference | 回收站得能区分 |
| [25:06] | between this clear plastic and this clear plastic, | 这片透明塑料和这片透明塑料 |
| [25:12] | which look the same to you and me, but they’re not. | 我们觉得这俩是一样的 但它们不是 |
| [25:18] | And so, how do they do that? | 所以 他们怎么区分呢 |
| [25:20] | They have special tests. They can — they can hear it, | 他们有各种特殊检测方式 通过听来区分 |
| [25:25] | or they’ll light it on fire and smell the smoke. | 或者点着这些垃圾 闻烟的味道来区分 |
| [25:29] | That’s got to be good for your health. | 这些方法对人体可”健康”了 |
| [26:06] | When you sort this stuff out, | 当你把这些东西挑出来 |
| [26:07] | the next thing then is to take those sorted materials | 下一步就是把这些挑出来的废品 |
| [26:11] | and chip it up into a little quarter-size flake, | 切成硬币那么大的小薄片 |
| [26:14] | is what they call it, and then wash it. | 他们是这么说的 然后进行洗涤 |
| [26:21] | Well, what’s happening with all that wash water? | 这些用于洗涤的水之后会去哪呢 |
| [26:23] | Is that just getting dumped into somebody else’s drinking water | 会不会直接流入进人们饮用水中 |
| [26:26] | or is it being dumped into an estuary | 或者被倒进哪条河口里 |
| [26:29] | and polluting the estuary with soaps and food and poisons? | 让肥皂水 食物和有毒物继续污染这条河口呢 |
| [26:39] | And what about when you melt the plastic? | 那么熔化这些塑料又会怎么样呢 |
| [26:41] | Because the next thing you do is you take that flake | 因为要做的下一步 |
| [26:43] | and you melt it down | 就是将那些小薄片熔化 |
| [26:45] | and extrude it out into these long spaghetti chains | 并挤成像意大利面条一样的条状物 |
| [26:48] | and then you chop those up into little pellets or nurdles. | 然后将这些塑料条切成丸状或小球状 |
| [26:54] | And when you melt it, a lot of these plastics | 当你在进行熔化时 |
| [26:56] | release toxic volatile organic compounds, vocs, | 这些塑料大都会释放有毒的挥发性有机物 |
| [27:00] | that are not good to breathe. | 这种物质有害于呼吸系统 |
| [27:05] | The problem is that there is no place for this stuff to go. | 问题关键就在于 这些垃圾无处可去 |
| [28:13] | 喀拉拉邦 印度 | |
| [28:23] | 萨纳尔基金会 施布 K N | |
| [28:48] | 提克尔·卡兰回收工厂 印度 哈里亚纳邦 | |
| [29:25] | The most difficult part of waste sorting is done | 垃圾分类最困难的环节 |
| [29:28] | by the waste picker who are mostly women, | 是由拾荒者完成的 其大部分为女性 |
| [29:31] | mostly marginalized. | 而且大多数都处于社会边缘 |
| [29:32] | And they also get the least benefit from the system. | 她们从体制中获得的裨益最少 |
| [29:37] | If they were not there, the entire recycling pyramid | 如果回收站没有她们 |
| [29:40] | would have collapsed. | 整个回收金字塔将会坍塌 |
| [29:44] | If we go back 16, 17 years, | 如果我们回到16或17年前 |
| [29:47] | there was not so much plastic that was found. | 人们还没有发现这么多塑料 |
| [29:50] | It was mostly metal, iron, aluminum. | 废品大多是金属 铁 铝 |
| [29:53] | Now they are doing | 如今 她们正在分类 |
| [29:55] | 83 kind of separation within plastic itself. | 83种不同种类的塑料 |
| [29:59] | 贾伊·普拉卡什·乔杜里 回收厂经理 清洁党网络 | |
| [30:29] | 快销品产业开始增长放缓 并开始向南半球快速发展的中产阶级发展市场 | |
| [30:46] | 吉姆·菲特灵 首席执行官 陶氏化学公司 | |
| [30:46] | We had double digits in asia pacific, | 亚太地区为两位数 |
| [30:48] | we have double digits in other parts of the world. | 世界其他地区也为两位数 |
| [30:51] | But it’s because you’ve got a growing economy | 但由于经济不断发展 |
| [30:53] | and you’ve got a change in markets. | 市场也发生了变化 |
| [30:54] | People are moving from fresh foods | 人们正不断抛弃那些 |
| [30:57] | that are not processed to packaged. | 不用经过包装的新鲜食品 |
| [31:00] | 兰吉特·德弗拉杰 记者 | |
| [31:00] | Things like fast foods packaged food, processed foods, | 快餐 包装食品 加工食品 |
| [31:04] | these are new to India | 这些在印度都是陌生的 |
| [31:05] | because Indians like to eat fresh food. | 因为印度人喜欢吃新鲜的 |
| [31:09] | India is a place where people naturally reuse things, | 在印度 人们会自然地将物什重复利用 |
| [31:12] | nothing was thrown away. It is not a throwaway society | 东西不会被直接扔掉 印度不是用完即弃的社会 |
| [31:16] | because it is not a consumerist society to begin with. | 因为印度起初就不是消费主义社会 |
| [31:20] | That sense of thrift, that sense of carefulness, | 那种节俭意识 认真意识 |
| [31:24] | that respectful materials is going away, | 那种敬重的精神正在消失 |
| [31:26] | and that’s a terrible loss. | 这是巨大的损失 |
| [31:30] | We do need plastics, | 我们确实需要塑料 |
| [31:31] | but plastics can be used for high-tech things. | 但塑料可以用于高科技产品 |
| [31:34] | Plastic holds the promise of a better world | 塑料预示着更好的世界 |
| [31:37] | from the ambulance to the emergency room, | 从救护车到急诊室 |
| [31:41] | plastics make it possible. | 塑料使其成为有可能 |
| [31:45] | The industry likes to talk about all the advanced products | 塑料产业喜欢吹嘘由塑料作出贡献的 |
| [31:48] | and lifesaving devices the plastics contribute to, | 所有先进产品和救生设备 |
| [31:50] | which is true. | 这些确实是真实存在的 |
| [31:52] | From heart valves to helmets, | 从心脏瓣膜到头盔 |
| [31:54] | can you think of one material that does more? | 你能想出一种有更多用途的材料吗 |
| [31:58] | But what makes up the bulk of demand for plastic right now | 但现在 塑料的大量需求 |
| [32:02] | is packaging. | 来自包装 |
| [32:04] | Pieces of plastic that will get used once | 来自用过一次就扔掉的塑料 |
| [32:06] | and thrown away and never used again, | 并且这些塑料永远不会再经使用 |
| [32:08] | and in most cases, never cleaned up. | 多数情况下 这些塑料永远无法被清理掉 |
| [32:12] | The fast-moving consumer goods in India. | 印度的快销商品中 |
| [32:15] | Almost 100% are packed in one-time use plastics. | 近100%都用一次性塑料包装 |
| [32:18] | For example, one rupee sachet for a shampoo, | 比如说 价值一卢比的小袋洗发剂 |
| [32:18] | 萨纳尔基金会 施布 K N | |
| [32:22] | or one rupee sachet with oil. | 或者一卢比的小袋油 |
| [32:26] | They want them essentially to capture | 本质上 他们想通过这些产品 |
| [32:29] | the poor sectors of the market, and to do that, | 来吸引市场上贫困消费群体 为达此目的 |
| [32:31] | they came up with sachets. | 他们想出小袋产品的点子 |
| [32:34] | Sachets are multi-layers of materials — | 小袋包装由多层材料组成 |
| [32:37] | plastic, aluminum, or a bit of paper, | 材料包括塑料 铝 和一些纸 |
| [32:40] | It comes in small volume for a single use | 小袋包装量少 供一次使用 |
| [32:40] | Froilan Grate | 全球焚化炉替代方案联盟 地球母亲基金会创始人 |
| [32:43] | and is meant to be disposed right after. | 这就意味着用完马上就回被丢弃 |
| [32:46] | ♪ protects my clothes better ♪ | ♪ 更好地保护我的衣装 ♪ |
| [32:48] | ♪ powerful bung will now sell you downy ♪ | ♪ 强有力的公司现将售于你当妮 ♪ |
| [32:51] | ♪ boom boom boom ♪ | ♪ 嘣 嘣 嘣 ♪ |
| [32:54] | The population pyramid is so geared towards | 人口金字塔如此契合于 |
| [32:58] | consumerism in the future, and that must be exciting. | 未来的消费主义 这必定激动人心 |
| [33:00] | I just wondered how high up the list | 我想知道非洲新兴市场目录 |
| [33:02] | of emerging markets Africa is for you. | 对贵公司来说有多长 |
| [33:04] | 沙利文·奥·卡利奥 主席 雀巢南非部 | |
| [33:04] | It’s very high up. | 非常长 |
| [33:06] | It’s one of our growth opportunities in the future. | 这是我们公司未来的成长机会之一 |
| [33:15] | Our markets are just flooded with this. | 我们的市场充斥着这些东西 |
| [33:21] | We already had an existing system, | 我们已经有一个存在的体系 |
| [33:24] | 普拉蒂巴·沙瓦玛 全球焚化炉替代方案联盟 | |
| [33:25] | the previous traditional stores, | 以前的传统商店 |
| [33:28] | they were a perfect example of alternate delivery system. | 这些老商店就是可选择输送系统的完美例子 |
| [33:32] | It’s everything still unpacked. | 这些店里东西依旧是没有包装过的 |
| [33:36] | I remember bringing glass to buy soy sauce or oil | 我还记得拿着玻璃杯买酱油或油 |
| [33:42] | that we used for the day. But now you have soy sauce, | 以供当天使用 但是如今买的酱油和油 |
| [33:45] | you have oil that comes in pouches | 都是袋装的 |
| [33:47] | that are meant to be thrown right after. | 这些袋子注定会在用完时被丢弃 |
| [33:53] | When these global companies came in, | 当这些国际公司入驻时 |
| [33:54] | we were happy to see that. | 我们很高兴能看到那一幕 |
| [33:56] | Okay, we are also getting the same quality of life | 好的 我们的生活质量 |
| [33:59] | enjoyed by the west. | 将会和西方人的一样了 |
| [34:00] | And now we realize that there is a double standard. | 但如今 我们意识到他们有双重标准 |
| [34:06] | 布鲁塞尔 比利时 | |
| [34:11] | 贝芬·李维·阿尔瓦雷斯 零塑料 欧洲零浪费联盟 | |
| [34:16] | Working in this global movement is allowing us | 参与这个全球运动能够让我们 |
| [34:19] | to point out the companies in europe, | 在欧洲公司做出与环保相悖的举动时 |
| [34:21] | When they have this green discord, | 指出他们的不足之处 |
| [34:23] | and we can tell them this is maybe what you’re doing here, | 我们可以告诉这些公司 你或许在此做出了这样的行为 |
| [34:28] | but this is not what you’re doing | 但在世界其他国家 |
| [34:29] | in other parts of the world. | 你不能做出与环保相悖的举动 |
| [34:31] | And if you want to be credible, | 要想做一个可靠的公司 |
| [34:33] | you will have to align your actions | 就要在任何地方都做到 |
| [34:36] | everywhere with what you’re saying. | 所做与所言相一致 |
| [34:40] | So this is a head and shoulders, both in India, | 这是一款海飞丝 印度也有 |
| [34:43] | It’s multi-layered, it’s non-recyclable. | 包装是多层的 不可回收的 |
| [34:45] | And this is what we find on the shelves in belgium | 这是我们在比利时商场货架上发现的 |
| [34:49] | and in most of europe. | 而且多数欧洲国家商场货架上都有 |
| [34:50] | So the same product, same brand, same company, | 同种产品 相同品牌 同一商家 |
| [34:53] | different format, recyclable bottle. | 有着不同样式 这是可回收的瓶子 |
| [34:56] | The producer has paid a fee to cover | 生产商需要付一笔费用 |
| [34:59] | part of the waste collection and waste management costs. | 以承担废品回收和废品管理的部分成本 |
| [35:02] | While here, you have absolutely nothing. | 但在这 没有任何相关信息 |
| [35:05] | It’s not covered at all. | 这里是不需承担任何回收成本的 |
| [35:06] | So, yeah, in the very country | 所以 在这个国家 |
| [35:08] | where they have to implement waste management | 他们不得不实施废品处理措施 |
| [35:11] | and waste collection system and they need money | 制定废品回收体制 他们需要钱和基金 |
| [35:14] | and funding to build these infrastructures, | 来建设这些基础设施 |
| [35:16] | the producers are not contributing | 生产商对这种产品的寿命终端 |
| [35:18] | to the end of life of this product, | 没有任何贡献 |
| [35:21] | while in europe applying a double standard, they are. | 但是在欧洲 这些公司却提供双重标准 |
| [35:25] | Ironically, asia has been identified | 让人觉得讽刺的是 亚洲被看作 |
| [35:25] | 冯·赫尔南德斯 零塑料 | |
| [35:27] | as a key source of the problem of plastic pollution — | 塑料污染问题的主要发源地 |
| [35:31] | The oceans… | 亚洲的各大海洋 |
| [35:32] | 劳伦·奥古斯特 副总裁 威立雅 主营废物处理与焚烧 | |
| [35:32] | About 60% of plastic in the ocean | 海洋中约60%的塑料垃圾 |
| [35:35] | comes from five countries in southeast asia. | 来源于东南亚的五个国家 |
| [35:39] | When in fact the decisions are made in the boardrooms | 事实上 做出这些决定的 |
| [35:42] | of companies in the west. | 是西方公司的董事们 |
| [35:46] | 艾玛·普里斯特兰 零塑料 | |
| [35:46] | There’s a real problem of blame | 真正的问题在于 |
| [35:47] | when it comes to plastic pollution. | 塑料污染归咎责任方面 |
| [35:50] | When you have companies like Unilever, | 西方有像联合利华 |
| [35:52] | Nestlé, and procter and gamble | 雀巢和宝洁这样的公司 |
| [35:54] | and all of these other multinationals | 还有其他类似的跨国公司 |
| [35:56] | going into these markets | 在其他国家的分店 |
| [35:58] | aggressively marketing single service products on populations | 进行商品垄断式营销 从而将商品贩卖给 |
| [36:03] | that have no way of dealing with it. | 不懂如何处理生活垃圾的民众 |
| [36:06] | Maybe just not so long ago, | 对这些普通民众来说 |
| [36:08] | everything was packaged in natural products. | 可能不久前还在用布袋打包 |
| [36:11] | Maybe they live on a tiny island | 可能还正住在一个 |
| [36:14] | that doesn’t have a formalized system of waste collection. | 没有正规垃圾回收机制的小岛 |
| [36:17] | And then you’re saying that they’re at fault for this. | 西方国家指责这些民众该为废料负责 |
| [36:19] | And on top of that, | 然而最后 |
| [36:21] | we are shipping our waste there to be treated. | 他们却会将废料运往这些国家进行处理 |
| [36:26] | This is absolutely a western problem | 塑料污染问题绝对是从西方国家 |
| [36:29] | that we have exported to other parts of the world, | 传播到世界其他区域 |
| [36:32] | and now we have the cheek to say that they are the problem. | 但如今不得不说这些国家才是重灾区 |
| [36:41] | Pampers? | 帮宝适 |
| [36:42] | No washing, no mess, you just use them once. | 无需洗涤 干净清爽 用完即可丢弃 |
| [36:43] | 宝洁公司 (1960s) | |
| [36:45] | Pampers, Procter and Gamble discovery | 宝洁公司生产的帮宝适 |
| [36:47] | that makes diapers old fashioned. | 让尿布成为过去 |
| [36:50] | Just follow the directions and flush away. | 只需按照指示冲掉即可 |
| [36:54] | 布兰塔斯河 印度尼西亚 | |
| [37:01] | 普立吉‧阿里桑迪 生态观测与湿地保护组织 | |
| [38:12] | One of the biggest questions that we’re facing is, | 我们所面临最严重的问题之一是 |
| [38:15] | “how do we get out of the fossil fuel economy?” | “如何逐渐摆脱化石燃料经济” |
| [38:19] | I’ve heard some criticism | 据我所知 |
| [38:22] | that the concern about plastic pollution | 有一些人批判塑料污染 |
| [38:24] | is a distraction from the bigger problem of climate change. | 只会分散民众对气候变暖的注意力 |
| [38:28] | 佐伊•卡彭特 记者 | |
| [38:29] | But my conclusion from doing this | 但完成这份报告之后 |
| [38:31] | reporting is it’s all part of the same problem. | 我深以为每一个问题都息息相关 |
| [38:37] | 莎拉•珍妮•罗伊博士 斯克里普斯海洋学研究所 | |
| [38:42] | Presently, we’ve discovered that the seven most produced | 现如今 我们已发现生产和消费量最大的 |
| [38:46] | and consumed types of plastic produce greenhouse gases. | 七种塑料都会产生温室气体 |
| [38:50] | As plastic degrades in the environment, | 并且在它降解的过程中 |
| [38:53] | it would just be producing more and more gases with time. | 随时间可以排放出越来越多的温室气体 |
| [38:59] | We are really making the connection | 我们已经在切实建立 |
| [39:01] | between the plastics issue | 塑料问题 |
| [39:02] | 戴尔芬•利瓦伊•阿尔瓦雷斯 摆脱塑料 实行欧洲零浪费 | |
| [39:03] | and what’s happening with the climate movement | 和气候转变之间的联系 |
| [39:06] | because all of their efforts can be completely offset | 那些环保主义者们的所有努力都功亏一篑 |
| [39:10] | by the fact that the fossil fuel | 因为现如今 |
| [39:12] | that we’re not using anymore for transport and energy | 化石燃料将不再用于运输供能 |
| [39:15] | is now being used to produce cheap plastics, | 而是用于生产廉价塑料 |
| [39:17] | And it’s going to be burnt and is going to release | 而废弃的塑料再被烧毁 仍会向大气中 |
| [39:18] | CO2 in the atmosphere. | 排放二氧化碳 |
| [39:22] | If we don’t do things right, | 如果不修正这种处理方式 |
| [39:24] | all this plastic might end up in incinerators. | 所有塑料都会被送进焚烧炉 |
| [39:27] | And that’s something we’ll have to watch closely. | 我们必须密切关注相关情况 |
| [39:27] | 琼·马克·西蒙 欧洲零浪费 | |
| [39:29] | It’s a real danger. | 问题相当严重 |
| [39:31] | 中国宣布拒绝进口废弃垃圾后 越来越多国家开始效仿 致使全球塑料焚烧现象加剧 | |
| [39:44] | More and more community leaders, | 越来越多的社区负责人 |
| [39:46] | entrepreneurs, and people like you and me | 企业家 和像你我一样的普通人 |
| [39:48] | are starting to think about trash | 共同开始思索 |
| [39:50] | as a valuable energy resource. | 垃圾能否成为一种珍贵的能源 |
| [39:52] | It’s called energy recovery, and simply put, | 这种方式称为”能源再生” 简言之 |
| [39:56] | it’s the process that turns solid waste into energy. | 是将固体废料转化为能源利用的过程 |
| [40:00] | Sounds good, maybe, | 这可能听起来不错 |
| [40:01] | 马丁·伯克 能源研究中心 | |
| [40:04] | but there’s also a lot of toxic crap in there | 但是能源燃烧所释放的有害气体 |
| [40:09] | that you don’t want in your air. | 是人们避之不及的 |
| [40:21] | 苏赫杰夫维哈尔 印度 德里 | |
| [40:27] | 兰吉特·德芙拉吉 新闻工作者 苏赫杰夫维哈尔居民 | |
| [40:30] | The first thing we do when we get up is | 我们这的人每天起来第一件事 |
| [40:32] | look out of the window to see how much smoke | 就是看外面那个工厂 |
| [40:34] | is coming out of that plant. | 正冒着多大烟 |
| [40:36] | It’s like living next to a volcano, actually. | 感觉像是住在火山口附近 |
| [40:40] | You know, you never know. | 你很难理解我们的感受 |
| [40:41] | Sometimes large copious amounts of smoke | 有时候 那两个大烟囱 |
| [40:44] | come out of these two chimneys. | 冒出的烟雾太多了 |
| [40:45] | They can be seen for miles around. | 以至于方圆几里都看得见 |
| [40:49] | It burns 2,000 tons of unsegregated waste per day. | 这里每天燃烧2000吨未分类废物 |
| [40:53] | A large component of that is just plastic. | 其中塑料占主要成分 |
| [41:00] | It’s a cocktail of every kind of dangerous thing | 各种你能想象到的危险成分 |
| [41:03] | That you can think of — | 都混合在这里 |
| [41:04] | dioxins, furans, lead, cadmium, mercury, all of that. | 二恶英 呋喃 铅 镉 汞等等 |
| [41:10] | They send samples of the flash to a lab in London, | 有人将样品送至伦敦实验室 |
| [41:13] | they said, “please evacuate immediately.” | 他们回复”请尽快撤离此地” |
| [41:18] | That’s what it said. | 这是他们的原话 |
| [41:23] | We have seen a lot of changes | 继博帕尔毒气泄漏事件之后 |
| [41:24] | since the incident at cayman. | 我们观察到很多变化 |
| [41:26] | You find a lot of people who never ever had | 很多从未有过任何 |
| [41:26] | 妮塔・米斯拉医生 居民 | |
| [41:28] | any respiratory problem, | 呼吸类问题的人 |
| [41:30] | they are coming with respiratory distress. | 出现了呼吸困难的症状 |
| [41:33] | Then there’s severe dermatitis | 紧接着 人们患上严重皮炎 长大量红疹 |
| [41:35] | and a lot of skin rashes, which were not there before. | 这在当地是从未有过的现象 |
| [41:39] | These dioxins cause infertility and even long-term effects | 二恶英能导致不孕不育 甚至带给胎儿 |
| [41:43] | on our fetuses. | 永久性伤害 |
| [41:45] | They are hormone disrupters, | 它们能破坏荷尔蒙分泌 |
| [41:47] | and also, they are carcinogenic. | 同时也作为一种致癌物质 |
| [41:51] | And that is proven. There’s nothing to be proved. | 这就是事实 无可争辩 |
| [41:54] | It started so gradually that we did not notice the process. | 事情开始得十分缓慢 以至于我们没注意到它 |
| [41:54] | 卡莎・哈希姆 苏赫杰夫维哈尔居民 | |
| [41:58] | But now that we look back, it’s so clear. | 但如今回忆起来 事情脉络其实很清晰 |
| [42:02] | I grew up here, so I have a lot of memories | 我在这里长大 拥有很多与这里 |
| [42:04] | attached to this place. | 息息相关的回忆 |
| [42:06] | Before I remember, we used to play outside, | 打我记事前 我们就经常在户外玩儿了 |
| [42:09] | and now, kids stopped coming outside and playing. | 但现在 孩子们都不再出门了 |
| [42:12] | So that is how we were caged inside our own homes. | 就这样 我们被封闭在自己的房子里 |
| [42:17] | When I went to the doctor, | 我去看医生时 他跟我说 |
| [42:18] | he told me it looks from your lungs | 从你肺部的情况来看 |
| [42:20] | that either you’re a smoker or you work in the mines. | 要么你有烟瘾 要么你是矿井工人 |
| [42:26] | The plant projects itself as doing a great service | 工厂想法设法让居民们 |
| [42:29] | to the community by getting rid of their garbage, | 摆脱垃圾带来的困扰 以此来展现自己的优良业务 |
| [42:32] | but this is the wrong way to do it. | 但他们的做法是不对的 |
| [42:36] | The main thing that this incinerator does | 焚烧炉的主要工作是 |
| [42:38] | is it reduces the volume of your garbage. | 减少垃圾数量 |
| [42:42] | So you’re having a mountain of garbage. | 因而面对成堆的垃圾 |
| [42:45] | You have a hillock of fly ash and bottom ash, | 即使焚烧会产生剧毒的 |
| [42:47] | which is very, very toxic. | 飞尘和炉渣 |
| [42:52] | They don’t want the recycling to happen. | 工厂也不愿意去回收分类 |
| [42:54] | They chase away the waste pickers. | 他们赶跑拾荒者 |
| [42:56] | They need that plastic, | 就因为他们想烧掉塑料 |
| [42:58] | so they burn everything else. | 所以就把别的垃圾也一起烧了 |
| [43:00] | Plastic burns and burns very well | 塑料属于石油化工产品 |
| [43:02] | because it’s made of petrochemicals. | 非常适合焚烧 |
| [43:05] | They want you to use more plastic | 他们希望有更多塑料 |
| [43:06] | because that’s what is their fuel. | 因为塑料就是他们的燃料 |
| [43:13] | It’s basically our trash monster that will just desperately eat | 人类产生的垃圾就像一个怪兽 |
| [43:16] | 巴拉蒂・查图维迪 钦塔马尼环境研究与行动小组 | |
| [43:18] | as much plastic as it can, | 拼命想尽可能多的吃掉塑料 |
| [43:20] | and not only will it be happy to get non-recyclable packaging. | 它不仅很高兴收到不可回收垃圾 |
| [43:24] | But all the plastic that’s going for recycling currently | 而且所有目前普遍可以进行回收的塑料 |
| [43:28] | will essentially be institutionally diverted, | 最后都会被转移去焚烧 |
| [43:31] | even if it’s at the cost of the environment, | 即使这种做法是以环境 |
| [43:34] | human development, and economic inclusion. | 人类发展 经济包容为代价 |
| [43:44] | Groups that have been fighting local struggles | 一些持续与当地化石燃料 |
| [43:46] | against particular segments of the fossil fuel economy | 特殊领域经济斗争的团体 |
| [43:51] | are now linking together in this much broader movement | 现如今将眼光放得更长远 |
| [43:53] | that looks at the whole chain of damage | 资源开采到废物焚化这一整条损害链 |
| [43:57] | from resource extraction to waste incinerators. | 都被其纳入环境保护活动范围之内 |
| [44:02] | These disparate struggles that seem unconnected | 这些独立的保护行动看起来毫无联系 |
| [44:06] | a neighborhood in the Philippines | 菲律宾有一个居民区 |
| [44:07] | that’s awash in plastic trash, | 饱受塑料垃圾的折磨 |
| [44:09] | a pipeline in pennsylvania, a single refinery in Texas — | 造成这种情况 宾夕法尼亚的一条管道 |
| [44:16] | They’re all part of this web of plastics infrastructure | 德克萨斯州的一家炼油厂 都难逃其咎 |
| [44:19] | that is all working together to massively increase | 这些隐形的链条连接在一起 |
| [44:22] | the amount of plastics out in the world. | 造成世界塑料垃圾数量大幅度增长 |
| [44:31] | Why is it that we’re seeing so much more plastics | 为什么人们会看到越来越多的塑料垃圾 |
| [44:34] | entering the environment? | 正在破坏坏境 |
| [44:37] | I just wanna say one word to you. | 我只想跟你说六个字 |
| [44:39] | Just one word… | 就六个 |
| [44:42] | Fracking. | 水力裂压技术 |
| [44:43] | It’s making natural gas cheaper than it’s ever been. | 这项技术使得天然气的价格降至历史最低 |
| [44:47] | We’re talking about double digit gains in businesses | 您企业的市值惊人的 |
| [44:48] | 吉姆·菲特林 陶氏化学公司 | |
| [44:50] | that I didn’t think had even single-digit growth. | 保持两位数增长 |
| [44:53] | How are you putting up these numbers? | 你们究竟是怎么做到的 |
| [44:55] | Well, we have a very focused team, Jim. | 我们不仅致力于团队建设 还在美国墨西 |
| [44:57] | We also built a lot of assets on the U.S. Gulf coast | 哥湾沿岸建立行政官员及技术人员联合会 |
| [45:00] | to take advantage of shale gas. | 从而最大程度获取页岩气所带来的利益 |
| [45:02] | 美国通过《能源政策法案》 从而成功约束石油公司和天然气公司 同时页岩天然气产量激增导致塑料生产原料供不应求 | |
| [45:14] | The energy policy act of 2005, provides incentives | 2005年颁布的《能源政策法案》提供了 |
| [45:18] | for oil refineries to expand their capacity. | 激励石油精炼产扩大产能的相关措施 |
| [45:23] | The bill includes tax incentives | 其中包括用税收优惠政策 |
| [45:24] | to encourage new construction of natural gas pipelines. | 以鼓励天然气管道建设 |
| [45:28] | The united states, north America sits on | 位于北美洲的美国 |
| [45:29] | 尼尔·查普曼 主席 埃克森美孚化工公司 | |
| [45:30] | a very large hydrocarbon resrce base. | 拥有着庞大的油气资源储备 |
| [45:34] | When we see the fact that we have low-priced natural gas, | 当人们发现在未来很长一段时间 |
| [45:34] | 美国化学理事会 卡尔·杜利 董事长兼CEO | |
| [45:37] | which we think will be around for a long time, | 天然气价格都会很低 |
| [45:40] | That is leading to a flood of new investments. | 新的资金开始大量投入 |
| [45:45] | If we have availability of cheap fossil fuel, | 我们获得了可使用的廉价化石燃料 |
| [45:48] | we’re going to have availability of dirty chemicals | 与此同时 我们也得到了有毒化学物质 |
| [45:51] | and of cheap plastics. | 和廉价塑料 |
| [45:52] | 尼尔·查普曼 主席 埃克森美孚化工公司 | |
| [45:52] | Maximizing the value of all the molecules | 将从原油中得到的有机分子 |
| [45:55] | from a barrel crude oil, | 经济价值最大化 |
| [45:56] | that’s been foundational for how we’ve approached | 是我们化工企业经营几十年的 |
| [45:58] | the chemical business for decades. | 根本基金来源 |
| [46:02] | And this is where the show | 这就是这场商业潮流 |
| [46:04] | in the totals, you know, comes from… comes from petrol, | 兴起的原因 你知道吗 是石油 |
| [46:09] | oil and gas. | 和天然气 |
| [46:10] | – That’s plasticical. – Is that a freaking straw? | -好像是塑料 -那是个有斑的吸管吗 |
| [46:14] | I’m so sorry, baby. | 抱歉了 小可爱 |
| [46:28] | I think people don’t necessarily think about | 我认为人们并不真的在意 |
| [46:31] | what plastics are made of, where plastics come from, | 塑料是怎么制成的 原材料是什么 |
| [46:34] | 普里西拉·维拉瓦特 土方工程 | |
| [46:37] | other than on the shelf of like a grocery store | 这和逛超市不一样 |
| [46:40] | or some sort of a market. | 你不需要看清成分 |
| [46:42] | But the reality is that the chemicals that are needed | 但制作塑料所需的化学产品 |
| [46:45] | to create plastics come from the shale formations | 来自隐藏其在页岩层里面的 |
| [46:50] | from these oil and gas pockets in the rock. | 石油和天然气 |
| [46:53] | You can’t talk about one without the other. | 你没办法单独看待任何一个问题 |
| [47:03] | In these oil and gas pockets, | 在这些石油和天然气田中 |
| [47:04] | you also have chemicals like benzene and toulene | 含有很多化合物 比如苯 甲苯 |
| [47:09] | and ethyl benzene and xylene | 苯乙烷 二甲苯等 |
| [47:11] | that are all extremely harmful for your health. | 这些化合物均会对人体造成极大危害 |
| [47:17] | Plastics doesn’t just cause pollution in the ocean | 塑料不仅会污染海洋 |
| [47:20] | or on the ground, | 或者陆地 |
| [47:21] | it’s also causing pollution where it’s coming from | 它同样会对其原材料的提取地 |
| [47:24] | at the point of extraction. | 造成污染 |
| [47:27] | 卡恩斯县 美国 得克萨斯州州 | |
| [47:35] | I work with community members that are living 500 feet | 我和社区成员就住在离工厂150米的地方 |
| [47:39] | from a facility that’s the size of a football field. | 这个工厂有橄榄球场那么大 |
| [47:44] | Now some of the residents depend on medication | 现在附近的有些居民整天头痛难忍 |
| [47:48] | to get through the day because their headaches are so bad, | 要靠药物才能勉强度日 |
| [47:51] | or they have chronic respiratory issues | 有些人还患上慢性呼吸道疾病 |
| [47:54] | and so they can’t breathe. | 经常会呼吸困难 |
| [47:58] | Their lives were dramatically changed | 他们的生活在短短五六年内 |
| [48:01] | over a period of five or six years. | 发生翻天覆地的变化 |
| [48:08] | This is our dream home. | 这是我们梦想的家园 |
| [48:10] | We thought we were coming into a great area | 我们本以为来到这个美丽的地方 |
| [48:13] | to where we could live out our years, | 可以在此安度余生 |
| [48:16] | and then this stuff started turning up. | 结果这些玩意儿开始运转 |
| [48:18] | 匿名 卡恩斯县居民 | |
| [48:19] | You’re not showing my face, are you? | 你没拍我的脸吧 |
| [48:20] | – No. – Okay. | -没有 -好的 |
| [48:26] | The pollution has gotten way out of hand. | 这里的污染已经到了难以控制的局面 |
| [48:32] | Everybody has to drink bottled water. | 人们不得不喝瓶装水 |
| [48:35] | There’s a water well on my place, | 我家附近有一口水井 |
| [48:37] | we don’t we don’t drink the water because | 但是我们从不喝井里的水 |
| [48:38] | we know damn well we can’t use that water. | 我们可确定了 井里的水绝对不能饮用 |
| [48:42] | We don’t know what’s coming out of that flare, | 我们不知道从那团火焰里会冒出什么东西 |
| [48:44] | and they won’t tell us. | 他们也不告诉我们 |
| [48:46] | You know, I think that these oil companies are — | 我认为这些石油公司 |
| [48:49] | They think they’re above the law. | 他们认为自己凌驾于法律之上 |
| [48:55] | When we talk about a community like karnes county, | 当我们说到像卡恩斯县这样的社区时 |
| [48:57] | we’re talking about the effects of extracting for the chemicals | 总会谈到 为了提取制造塑料的化合物 |
| [49:02] | that we need to make plastics. | 而对当地造成的影响 |
| [49:18] | I spent a fair amount of time in the oil and gas industry. | 我投身石油和天然气工业多年 |
| [49:21] | 迈克·蓬佩奥 美国国务卿(2018-)及前石油设备制造商 | |
| [49:21] | My time as secretary of state isn’t that far removed | 其实作为国务卿和之前运营公司 |
| [49:25] | from what I did running that small company. | 并没有太大的区别 |
| [49:27] | New drilling technology and greater energy output | 新的钻井技术以及巨大的能源输出 |
| [49:30] | are transforming American life and lives all around the world. | 正使全世界美国人的生活发生剧变 |
| [49:34] | It took our shale producers and risk takers | 也使我们的页岩油生产商 冒险者 |
| [49:37] | and it took congress lifting the oil export ban in 2015, | 以及国会于2015年解除了石油出口禁令 |
| [49:40] | which I voted for. | 我也是为之投了票的 |
| [49:41] | You should all see me as I walk out and say thanks. | 你们都应该看我感谢离场的 |
| [49:51] | 在持续不断的水力压裂法开采潮中 美国解除了长达40年的原油出口禁令 在世界范围内掀起了石油 天然气 及塑料原料的销售热潮 | |
| [50:09] | I think the piece of reporting that surprised me | 我认为报道中最令人震惊的一点 |
| [50:11] | the most for this story was learning about | 就是在我得知 |
| [50:14] | the scale of what’s planned for the upper ohio river valley, | 其在俄亥俄河上游河谷计划建设的规模 |
| [50:17] | so spanning pennsylvania, ohio, west virginia. | 将横跨宾夕法尼亚 俄亥俄 西弗吉尼亚 |
| [50:23] | They’re really talking about a brand new petrochemical corridor, | 他们计划架设全新的石化走廊 |
| [50:25] | which is unprecedented in that area. | 这在该地区是前所未有的 |
| [50:29] | 亨廷顿 美国 宾夕法尼亚州 运输管道 | |
| [50:39] | Come here. Get over here. Get over here. | 来我这 快过来 |
| [50:43] | My name is elise gerhart. I’m 31 years old. | 我叫伊莉丝·格哈特 今年31岁 |
| [50:43] | 伊莉丝·格哈特 亨廷顿居民 | |
| [50:46] | I live in huntington, pennsylvania. | 我住在宾夕法尼亚州亨廷顿 |
| [50:47] | I was born here, raised here. | 土生土长的本地人 |
| [50:52] | 埃伦·格哈特 亨廷顿居民 | |
| [50:53] | My mom called me to tell me happy birthday. | 我妈妈打电话告诉我生日快乐 |
| [50:56] | And then she informed me | 然后她告诉我 |
| [50:58] | that there was a company who wanted to build a pipeline | 有公司计划修建一条管道 |
| [51:02] | through this property here where I grew up. | 横穿这片我从小到大一直呆着的土地 |
| [51:08] | So the mariner east project, | 东水手管道工程 |
| [51:10] | it’s a project built to transport natural gas liquids | 用于将液态天然气 |
| [51:14] | to an industrial complex near Philadelphia. | 输送至费城附近的工业园区 |
| [51:18] | Those would go from the port there, | 然后从那里的港口出发 |
| [51:20] | all the way across the Atlantic | 横跨大西洋 |
| [51:22] | to a facility in Scotland, so that they can make plastic. | 运送至苏格兰的生产设施 用于制造塑料 |
| [51:29] | The company puts out all kinds of propaganda, | 这些公司打出各种各样的宣传广告 |
| [51:32] | saying that the project has something to do | 声称他们的工程可以实现 |
| [51:35] | with American energy independence, | 美国能源独立的目标 |
| [51:38] | that it has to do with | 还可以为千家万户 |
| [51:39] | people heating their homes during the winter. | 提供冬季供暖服务 |
| [51:43] | And none of that is true. | 实际上这些全是骗人的 |
| [51:45] | America relies on energy. | 美国发展依赖能源 |
| [51:47] | We get it to you safely. | 我们将其安全地输送到您的身边 |
| [51:50] | We are sunoco pipeline. | 我们是太阳石油管道公司 |
| [51:55] | It makes me really angry | 这让我感到非常气愤 |
| [51:56] | because as soon as I started doing research on this project, | 因为随着我对这项工程的深入了解 |
| [51:59] | it was very clear what the intent was. | 该公司的企图也就一目了然 |
| [52:02] | You know, it’s publicly available, | 因为该项目是公开的 |
| [52:03] | and yet, we have these judges saying that those companies | 但是 法官判定这些公司 |
| [52:08] | can take our property for their own private use to make plastic. | 有权征用我们的土地用于制造塑料 |
| [52:21] | I’ve only been paying attention to pipelines for a couple years | 我关注管道相关事宜也才几年而已 |
| [52:24] | And it seems to happen every couple of months. | 但是似乎每隔几个月 |
| [52:27] | There’s like an enormous pipeline explosion, | 就有管道爆炸事故发生 |
| [52:29] | like a major incident. | 非常惨烈的事故 |
| [52:38] | I mean, people’s houses burning down, | 人们的房子被烧毁 |
| [52:40] | people being severely injured. | 人身受到严重的伤害 |
| [52:43] | A gas line outside columbus, ohio, | 一条位于俄亥俄州哥伦布市的天然气管道 |
| [52:45] | explodes, destroying two homes… | 发生爆炸 摧毁两栋房屋 |
| [52:46] | Did you see that explode? | 你看到爆炸了吗 |
| [52:48] | Breaking news… | 突发新闻 |
| [52:49] | Firefighters are racing to contain a deadly gas | 肯塔基一处天然气管道发生爆炸 |
| [52:52] | explosion in kentucky. | 消防员冲向事故现场 |
| [52:53] | Flames spreading to homes, forcing evacuations. | 事故现场火光冲天 疏散民众刻不容缓 |
| [52:58] | I don’t know what it’s going to feel like to try | 我不知道这是一种什么样的感觉 |
| [53:00] | and live here every day knowing that | 明知这里可能会在没有预兆的情况下 |
| [53:04] | a leak or explosion | 发生泄露或爆炸 |
| [53:06] | could happen at any time with no warning | 仍然每天住在这里 |
| [53:08] | because you can’t see it, you can’t smell it, | 因为这东西你看不到也闻不到 |
| [53:10] | you don’t know until it’s too late. | 等你知道已经晚了 |
| [53:15] | If you look at the projected blast zone area | 如果仔细看他们规划的爆炸区域 |
| [53:17] | and I have to laugh | 我都想笑了 |
| [53:19] | because sunoco doesn’t refer to it as a blast zone area, | 因为太阳石油公司并没有称之为爆炸区 |
| [53:22] | it’s a buffer area | 而是称之为缓冲区 |
| [53:24] | is roughly 1,000 feet on either side of the pipeline. | 该区域覆盖了管道两侧大约300米的范围 |
| [53:30] | So from where the pipeline is in relationship to our house, | 所以管道位置与我们房子的安全密切相关 |
| [53:34] | we’re well within the blast zone area. | 我们的家就在爆炸区域内 |
| [53:44] | So myself and a couple other people | 我和其他一些人 |
| [53:48] | climbed into some of the trees and occupy them | 爬上其中一些树木 并占据于此 |
| [53:53] | so that they couldn’t cut them down. | 这样施工方就不能将其砍倒 |
| [53:56] | And we had lots of people just start coming through | 一开始 有很多人参与进来 |
| [53:59] | who wanted to help out. | 尝试帮助我们 |
| [54:03] | But they try to intimidate people. | 但是工程方试图威胁我们 |
| [54:05] | I was followed to work. | 我被人跟踪到工作的地方 |
| [54:07] | They flew drones up around the house | 他们控制无人机在我们家上空转悠 |
| [54:10] | just looking at everything. | 监视着一切 |
| [54:14] | Energy transfer partners | 能源公司的人 |
| [54:16] | paid someone to create this fake facebook page | 找网络水军创建虚假的脸书账号 |
| [54:19] | saying that I was an eco terrorist | 声称我是环保恐怖分子 |
| [54:21] | trying to bring violence into my community | 说我想给我的社区带来暴力 |
| [54:26] | and that I need to be stopped. | 必须阻止我 |
| [54:30] | They put my partner on there, | 他们把我的伴侣放进名单 |
| [54:32] | they put friends of ours on there. | 我的朋友们也被放进名单 |
| [54:35] | They put our vehicles on there, posted our address. | 我们的车牌号 家庭住址都被公之于众 |
| [54:39] | So I had people messaging us, | 我收到人们的短信 |
| [54:42] | threatening to rape us, to kill us. | 威胁要强奸我们 杀了我们 |
| [54:46] | I’m not that strong that that’s not going to affect me. | 我还没有坚强到说这些事影响不了我 |
| [54:52] | They’ve got endless resources. | 他们手上的资源无穷无尽 |
| [54:54] | You know, we have to live our lives, | 但我们还得过自己的生活 |
| [54:56] | like I had to go to work. | 我还得去工作 |
| [54:59] | So they came, they cut down the trees. | 所以他们还是来了 砍掉了这些树 |
| [55:07] | Even if you can talk to people and explain to them | 即使你跟人们解释 |
| [55:10] | that this isn’t carrying home heating fuel, | 这些管道并不能为你家输送供暖燃料 |
| [55:12] | it’s not carrying gasoline for your car. | 也不会为你的车输送汽油 |
| [55:15] | Then people start bringing in these arguments about plastic | 但人们会用一些关于塑料的观点反驳你 |
| [55:18] | and about how plastic is everywhere in our everyday lives, | 比如塑料如何与我们的生活息息相关 |
| [55:22] | so we must need it. | 所以我们离不开塑料 |
| [55:26] | I think people have a hard time picturing | 我认为人们很难想象 |
| [55:28] | what life would be like without plastic, | 我们的生活离开了塑料会怎么样 |
| [55:31] | and that’s where I think more people are actually duped. | 这时我才意识到人们其实是被蒙骗了 |
| [55:39] | 休斯顿 美国 得克萨斯州 精炼厂 | |
| [55:43] | Houston is the home of the largest | 休斯顿有着全国最大的 |
| [55:45] | petrochemical complex in the nation. | 石油化工厂 |
| [55:48] | This is what plastic smells like. | 这就是塑料的味道 |
| [55:51] | This is what plastic feels like. | 这就是塑料带给我们的感觉 |
| [55:53] | This is what plastic looks like from our end. | 这就是塑料在我们眼中的样子 |
| [56:00] | 伊薇特·阿雷拉诺 得州环境司法宣传服务部 | |
| [56:09] | Some of the daily emissions include benzene, styrene, | 这些工厂排放的废气中包含 苯 苯乙烯 |
| [56:14] | 1,3-butadiene, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide. | 1,3-丁二烯 硫化氢 氰化氢 |
| [56:20] | 卡尔·杜利 总裁兼首席执行官 美国化学理事会 | |
| [56:21] | What we have tried to put in place here is again, is a model | 我们想要实施一种模型 |
| [56:25] | that will ensure that epa prioritizes chemicals. | 能够确保EPA优先考虑这些化学品 |
| [56:29] | EPA 美国国家环保局 | |
| [56:29] | Most of these chemicals are not monitored | 多数化合物并没有受到监管 |
| [56:32] | and there are more chemicals that are delisted | EPA监管名单上被除名的化合物 |
| [56:35] | from epa’s watchlist than they are added. | 远多于名单上新增的化合物数量 |
| [56:41] | I want to thank administrator curry from the epa, | 我想在此感谢EPA的管理层 |
| [56:43] | 斯蒂芬·普赖尔 总裁 埃克森美孚化工公司 | |
| [56:45] | all the great folks who have helped us to clear the way | 正是因为有这些伙伴帮助我们扫清障碍 |
| [56:48] | so that exxon mobil | 我们埃克森美孚化工 |
| [56:49] | can make this multi-billion dollar investment. | 才能完成这些数十亿美元的投资 |
| [56:55] | It’s not uncommon to talk to folks in the community | 在社区中 经常会听到人们 |
| [56:59] | and have multiple stories of childhood leukemia, | 谈论一些病症 比如儿童白血病 |
| [57:03] | brain cancer, low birth weights, or sterility, | 脑癌 低体重新生儿 不育 |
| [57:07] | lack of motor skills, developmental issues, speech impediments. | 运动机能障碍 发育障碍 言语障碍等 |
| [57:12] | 斯蒂芬·普赖尔 总裁 埃克森美孚化工公司 | |
| [57:12] | We have reduced our air emissions at this site by about 50%. | 我们在这里的气体排放量降低了50% |
| [57:19] | I have never seen a project | 我从未见过有哪个工程 |
| [57:22] | with a better economic and environmental story. | 在经济发展和环境保护方面优于我们 |
| [57:27] | Every time epa’s watchlist shrinks, | 每次EPA监管名单除名一些化合物 |
| [57:31] | air quality gets better. Why? | 空气质量就变得更好 为什么 |
| [57:33] | Because it’s not being monitored. | 因为它不再受到监管了 |
| [57:35] | 在美国 被确认的化学品超过86000种 仅有187种被EPA认定为空气污染物 | |
| [57:50] | Both of my parents are immigrants. | 我的父母都是移民 |
| [57:53] | They left Mexico to make our lives better. | 他们离开墨西哥是为了拥有更好的生活 |
| [57:57] | Their parents left the rural parts of Mexico to go into the cities | 他们的父母从墨西哥农村地区进入城市 |
| [58:05] | because life in rural Mexico was difficult | 因为墨西哥的农村生活实在太艰难了 |
| [58:09] | because oil companies were going in… | 就是因为这些石油公司的入驻导致的 |
| [58:20] | That story isn’t done. | 这个故事还没有完结 |
| [58:22] | There’s another family that’s living with that, | 肯定还有家庭要去忍受这些公司 |
| [58:24] | and there’s another family that’s living next to a refinery | 肯定还有家庭住在精炼厂附近 |
| [58:27] | and there is another family that’s struggling. | 肯定还有家庭在苦苦挣扎 |
| [58:38] | It takes outside organizations to come in to | 这让我们这个户外组织得每天上门提醒 |
| [58:41] | inform residents about what they are living with on a daily basis | 告诉居民他们的生活环境是怎样的恶劣 |
| [58:50] | So we are in the east end. | 我们在东区 |
| [58:52] | It is a cultural hub for everything mexican. | 这是一个墨西哥文化的中心 |
| [58:52] | 科尼亚和贝塔尼亚·埃斯科巴 曼彻斯特居民 | |
| [58:56] | You have the art, you have the food. | 这里有墨西哥艺术 食物 |
| [58:59] | It’s a place brimming with culture. | 到处洋溢着墨西哥文化的气息 |
| [59:02] | It’s a beautiful place. | 这是一个美丽的地方 |
| [59:04] | And we are down the street from a valero plant. | 我们从一家瓦莱罗工厂来到这条街 |
| [59:07] | That’s what there is a lot of here, a lot of plants. | 这里有很多工厂 |
| [59:12] | I think the farthest that I’ve ever lived from a planet | 我觉得我离工厂 |
| [59:14] | has been 2 1/2 miles. | 最远不会超过4千米 |
| [59:17] | 距离休斯顿3千米以内的孩子们 比起其他地区高出了56%得癌的机率 | |
| [59:25] | My friends are having kids and it’s, hey, you know, | 我的朋友正准备要孩子 你知道的 |
| [59:29] | so and so’s kid has cancer, so and so’s kid has leukemia. | 谁的孩子得了癌症 谁的孩子得了白血病 |
| [59:34] | And it’s sad that that’s our new normal. | 可悲的是 这成为了我们的新常态 |
| [59:42] | 把化石燃料提炼成塑料的最终结果是 粉末 微粒 颗粒 这成为全球塑料制品的原料 | |
| [59:54] | 拉瓦卡港 得州 美国 炼油厂 | |
| [1:00:03] | 罗尼·哈姆里克 前台塑主管 | |
| [1:00:04] | I’m just going to start running it through here. | 我正准备让它可以在这运行 |
| [1:00:08] | Okay, I’m bringing it in. Just see what we got. | 我把它拿上来 看看有什么 |
| [1:00:11] | Oh, god. Yeah. There’s all kinds of pellets. | 我的老天 都是各式各样的颗粒物 |
| [1:00:16] | – Diane, you want this? – Yeah, we’ll take a sample. | -黛安 这个你要吗 -要 我们可以用来做样本 |
| [1:00:21] | We’ve found fish with pellets in their gullets. | 我们发现鱼的食道里有这些颗粒 |
| [1:00:23] | 黛安·威尔逊 前捕虾船船长 | |
| [1:00:25] | We’ve had oystermen who say they — | 有位采蚝人说 |
| [1:00:28] | when they’re shucking open an oyster, | 当他们撬开一只蚝时 |
| [1:00:30] | they’re finding pellets inside it. | 就会发现里面有颗粒物 |
| [1:00:37] | On the bay, you got from Formosa Plastic, | 在海湾处有台塑集团的产品 |
| [1:00:39] | we got Invisto, we got BP, we got Dupont, | Invisto公司 英国石油 杜邦 |
| [1:00:43] | we’ve got Dow Chemical, you add all of that up, | 还有陶氏化学公司 将这些工厂全部算上 |
| [1:00:48] | easily, you can get 50 million gallons a day | 每天排放到河道的有毒废料 |
| [1:00:53] | of toxins being discharged into estuaries. | 可以轻易达到5000万加仑 |
| [1:01:02] | I worked 25 years at the plant as a supervisor, | 我在一家工厂做主管已经25年了 |
| [1:01:06] | but I had to get out of there | 但是我不得不离开那里 |
| [1:01:08] | because I got tired of the bull crap, lying for ’em | 因为我受够了天天说废话 为他们说谎 |
| [1:01:11] | because that’s all you do out there at that plant is lie. | 因为你在工厂所要做的就是说谎 |
| [1:01:14] | And, you know, nobody out there can speak. | 你知道的 没有人可以为此说话 |
| [1:01:17] | They’ll fire you right on the spot. | 他们会当场解雇你 |
| [1:01:26] | You can pull anything up and find pellets. | 无论你怎么拉网都可以得到颗粒 |
| [1:01:31] | See all the pellets? | 看到这些了吗 |
| [1:01:32] | It’s covered in pellets. | 它被颗粒盖住了 |
| [1:01:35] | You look down there, there’s a harbor down there. | 你往下看 那里有个港口 |
| [1:01:37] | There’s no fish houses anymore. | 周围没有一家渔民 |
| [1:01:39] | There’s no shrimpers. You gotta do something. | 也没有捕虾人 你总得做些什么吧 |
| [1:01:44] | So we just started sampling. | 所以我们开始搜集样品 |
| [1:01:49] | And eventually, we filed the suit. | 最终 我们提起了诉讼 |
| [1:01:52] | 环保人士就石化巨头台塑集团 污染一事告上法庭 | |
| [1:01:55] | When I first started, I had a helicopter land | 当我开始这事后 有一架直升飞机 |
| [1:01:59] | in my front yard, shot and killed the dog. | 停在我的前院 射杀了我的狗 |
| [1:02:03] | Shot at the house, and then my shrimp boat was sabotaged. | 射击了房子 并且我的捕虾船也被破坏了 |
| [1:02:10] | So, they did a few things. | 所以说 他们的确做了一些事 |
| [1:02:15] | 法庭裁定 台塑集团对得州工厂 塑料污染事件负有法律责任 | |
| [1:02:24] | I don’t think my story is unique at all. | 我不认为我的故事是个例 |
| [1:02:29] | I think there are thousands in little rural communities | 我认为有成百上千的案例发生在那些 |
| [1:02:33] | where the company has a heavy hand, | 工厂有影响力的小型农村社区里 |
| [1:02:36] | especially along the Gulf Coast. | 尤其是在墨西哥湾岸区 |
| [1:02:45] | What’s going on here in houston highlights | 在休斯顿发生的一切 |
| [1:02:47] | not only the scale of the problem, but its immediacy, | 不仅突出了问题的规模性 还有其紧迫性 |
| [1:02:52] | the oil and gas industry, the american petroleum institute, | 对于石油及天然气行业 美国石油协会 |
| [1:02:53] | 卡罗尔·马费特 国际环境法中心 | |
| [1:02:56] | the american chemistry council, they see the shale gas boom | 美国化学委员会 他们将页岩气的繁荣 |
| [1:02:59] | as a renaissance for plastics and petrochemicals in the U.S. | 视为美国塑料和石化产品的复兴 |
| [1:03:03] | 尼尔·查普曼 主席 埃克森美孚 | |
| [1:03:03] | Exxonmobil estimates that the global demand for chemicals | 埃克森美孚预计未来二十年全球对于 |
| [1:03:07] | will double within the next 20 years. | 化学品的需求将会翻一倍 |
| [1:03:10] | That’s more than the forecast for energy and gdp growth | 这比同期能源和国内生产总值 |
| [1:03:14] | over the same period. | 增长预期还要高 |
| [1:03:17] | 马丁·布尔克 生态中心 | |
| [1:03:17] | They’re doubling down on plastics. | 他们在塑料制品上投入了双倍的资金 |
| [1:03:19] | I think they’re worried that we’re going to stop burning | 我认为他们会担心我们停止燃烧 |
| [1:03:21] | so much fossil fuel. | 这么多化石燃料 |
| [1:03:24] | I hope that’s their worry and I hope they’re right. | 我希望他们的担忧会是对的 |
| [1:03:27] | But I think they see plastic as a way to hedge their bet. | 但他们将塑料视为一种对冲赌注的方式 |
| [1:03:31] | Our expectation is global fuel’s demand growth | 我们的预期是全球燃料需求增长 |
| [1:03:31] | 杜威·约翰逊 市场研究副总裁 迈博化工 | |
| [1:03:34] | will actually start to decline, | 而实际上将开始下降 |
| [1:03:36] | and so, where would you anticipate additional growth | 所以 石化市场会有什么 |
| [1:03:40] | in one place is petrochemical market. | 额外的增长 |
| [1:03:42] | 佐伊·卡彭特 记者 | |
| [1:03:42] | Plastics and other petrochemicals present | 塑料和其它石化产品 |
| [1:03:45] | an opportunity for these big integrated oil majors | 为这些大型综合石油巨头提供了一个 |
| [1:03:49] | to keep up demand. | 保持需求的机会 |
| [1:03:50] | And so we’re really seeing this trend towards investment | 并且我们也的确在石化产业里看到 |
| [1:03:54] | in the petrochemical space. | 投资的趋势 |
| [1:03:55] | 雷克斯·蒂勒森 美国国家搜索(2017-2018) 前艾克森移动首席执行官 | |
| [1:03:58] | During the course of these meetings, | 在这些会议期间 |
| [1:03:59] | president Trump and members of his cabinet agreed | 特朗普总统和他的内阁成员同意 |
| [1:04:02] | the U.S.-Saudi partnership should be taken to new heights. | 美国与沙特的伙伴关系应该提升到新高度 |
| [1:04:07] | 埃克森美孚和沙特阿拉伯基本工业股份 合作建立世界最大的塑料加工厂 并且获得数十亿美元的美国税收优惠和其他补贴 | |
| [1:04:22] | The latest estimate from the american chemistry council | 美国化学委员会的最新估计是 |
| [1:04:24] | is that $194 billion | 美国将投资1940亿美元 |
| [1:04:26] | will be invested in the U.S. into 325 new | 用于新建或扩建 |
| [1:04:30] | or expanded facilities for petrochemicals, | 325个石化设施 |
| [1:04:33] | primarily for plastics | 主要是塑料产业 |
| [1:04:35] | between now and 2025. That’s a remarkable expansion. | 从现在到2025年间将会有显著增长 |
| [1:04:39] | We’re already producing more plastics in the united states | 在美国 我们已经产出比我们实际使用 |
| [1:04:42] | than we can use. | 更多的塑料制品 |
| [1:04:43] | So the question is, “where is that plastic going?” | 所以问题是”那些塑料去哪了” |
| [1:04:46] | It’s flowing to asia. It’s flowing to europe. | 它流向亚洲以及欧洲 |
| [1:04:49] | It’s flowing into every new product streams. | 它流入每个新产品流中 |
| [1:04:52] | This highlights a really fundamental truth | 这突出了一个关于塑料危机和 |
| [1:04:54] | about the plastics crisis and about plastics as a product. | 塑料作为一种产品的基本事实 |
| [1:04:57] | To a far greater extent than in any other product chain, | 很大程度上 塑料产品和其他产业链相比 |
| [1:05:01] | plastics are driven not by the demand for them, | 塑料不是由市场需求驱动的 |
| [1:05:04] | but by the supply. | 而是由供应驱动着的 |
| [1:05:09] | This is the story of plastics. | 这就是塑料的故事 |
| [1:05:11] | It is fossil fuels finding a new form | 化石燃料成为了一种新形态 |
| [1:05:14] | and finding a new place to flow through the economy. | 并找到了能使自己在经济中流通的新领域 |
| [1:05:20] | This is a crisis that is accelerating literally | 事实上 这场危机此时此刻 |
| [1:05:23] | by the day as we speak. | 就在加速恶化 |
| [1:05:26] | Exxon opens a new plant here. | 埃克森美孚在这开了新工厂 |
| [1:05:28] | Chevron builds a new plant there. | 雪佛龙又在那建了新工厂 |
| [1:05:30] | Total builds yet another. | 道达尔又建了另一座 |
| [1:05:39] | We’re seeing the same thing happened in the U.S. east coast, | 同样的事发生在美国东海岸 |
| [1:05:42] | We’re seeing the same thing happen in europe, | 同样的事也发生在欧洲 |
| [1:05:44] | in the middle east, in China, | 在中东以及中国 |
| [1:05:46] | this buildout is going on and it’s going on now. | 这场大型修建正在进行 此时此刻也在发生着 |
| [1:05:56] | Once these plants are built, | 一旦这些工厂建成 |
| [1:05:57] | the debt to build them will already have been incurred, | 建厂的费用已使债台高筑 |
| [1:06:01] | and they will squeeze every last ounce of plastic film | 他们会从这些工厂中压榨出最后一点 |
| [1:06:05] | and plastic packaging out of those plants | 塑料薄膜和塑料包装 |
| [1:06:08] | until they crumble to dust. | 直到它们化为乌有 |
| [1:06:15] | 由于媒体对海洋中塑料的报道越来越多 公众对塑料污染的意识也在增强 | |
| [1:06:26] | We’re back with an alarming new report | 接下来我们来讲讲上周发布的 |
| [1:06:28] | 海洋 垃圾 | |
| [1:06:28] | that came out this past week | 一则有关世界海洋状况的 |
| [1:06:29] | on the state of the world’s oceans, | 令人担忧的新报道 |
| [1:06:31] | specifically the finding that they contain far more plastic | 具体来说 我们发现海洋中的塑料含量 |
| [1:06:35] | than scientists had first thought. | 远超科学家最初的想象 |
| [1:06:37] | The surge of attention to plastic pollution | 对塑料污染的关注激增 |
| [1:06:40] | is pretty striking. | 这还相挺惊人的 |
| [1:06:42] | Searching for a fish, | 寻找一条鱼 |
| [1:06:43] | but finding an ocean of plastic trash, | 等来的却是一片塑料垃圾海洋 |
| [1:06:47] | about 8 million metric tons go into the ocean every year. | 每年大约有800万吨的塑料垃圾流入海洋 |
| [1:06:50] | That’s the equivalent of one city garbage truck | 这相当于一辆城市垃圾车 |
| [1:06:52] | dumping a load of plastic into the ocean | 每天每分钟 |
| [1:06:54] | every minute of every day. | 向海洋倾倒一车塑料 |
| [1:06:57] | Celebrities urging people to give up using things | 明星敦促人们放弃使用 |
| [1:06:59] | like plastic straws and cups. | 塑料吸管和塑料杯 |
| [1:07:01] | By 2050, there will be more plastic waste | 到2050年 世界海洋中的塑料垃圾 |
| [1:07:04] | in the world’s oceans than fish. | 将超过鱼类 |
| [1:07:06] | These pictures after its death show the 80 plastic bags | 这些鲸鱼死后的照片展示了 |
| [1:07:10] | found inside the whale. | 在鲸鱼体内发现的80个塑料袋 |
| [1:07:16] | It’s getting into the food that we end up eating. | 它进入了我们最后吃的食物中 |
| [1:07:20] | The polyester fibers that you take into your lungs, | 进入肺部的聚酯纤维 |
| [1:07:23] | they’re small enough to cross the blood brain barrier. | 小到可以穿过血脑屏障 |
| [1:07:27] | The five gyres, giant swirling bodies of water | 这五个漩涡 巨大的漩涡 |
| [1:07:30] | where plastic accumulates. | 是塑料聚积的地方 |
| [1:07:32] | 吉姆·菲特林 陶氏化学公司 | |
| [1:07:32] | When I mention plastic to younger people, | 当我向年轻人提及塑料时 |
| [1:07:34] | they say, “plastic is that giant island | 他们会说”塑料是一个巨大的岛屿 |
| [1:07:37] | that’s the size of antarctica in an ocean, | 大到可以称其为海洋中的南美洲 |
| [1:07:40] | and that’s what plastic did, it wrecked the environment.” | 就是塑料迫害了环境” |
| [1:07:43] | But the world is still going toward plastic. | 但是这个世界还是偏向塑料工厂 |
| [1:07:46] | We do have a plastic waste problem. | 我们的确有塑料垃圾的问题 |
| [1:07:48] | And at this point in time, I’ve never seen the industry | 在这一点上 我从未见过这个行业 |
| [1:07:51] | more aligned about tackling that problem. | 在解决这个问题上如此一致 |
| [1:07:54] | They’re mostly making these statements | 他们的陈述大多数是 |
| [1:07:56] | that are quite normative. | 千篇一律 |
| [1:07:58] | “We’ll look into this. We’re committed.” | “我们会做调查 我们承诺” |
| [1:08:03] | 化学 至关重要 可持续发展 | |
| [1:08:07] | The covestro industry has products and processes | 科思创工厂的产品和流程 |
| [1:08:08] | 工厂产品和流程 可以提供帮助 | |
| [1:08:09] | that can help address these sustainability issues. | 可以帮助解决这些可持续性问题 |
| [1:08:12] | We believe in sustainable practices | 我们相信可持续的实践 |
| [1:08:14] | and sustainable business growth. | 和可持续的业务增长 |
| [1:08:18] | But that hasn’t translated into | 但这并没有转换成 |
| [1:08:20] | what the step-by-step plan is. | 实际的计划 |
| [1:08:26] | Graham van’t hoff, who’s the executive vice president | 壳牌化工部门执行副总裁 |
| [1:08:28] | of shell’s chemical division wrote… | 格雷厄姆·范霍夫写道 |
| [1:08:30] | 格雷厄姆·范霍夫 副总裁 壳牌化工 | |
| [1:08:31] | 我发现无管理的塑料垃圾问题 造成的影响十分严重 | |
| [1:08:35] | And then he adds… | 然后他补充道 |
| [1:08:36] | 挑战并不在于塑料本身 而在于使用之后 该如何处置 | |
| [1:08:42] | I can’t speculate about what the executives | 我无法推测石化公司的高管们 |
| [1:08:46] | at petrochemical companies actually believe, | 是怎么想的 |
| [1:08:48] | but it’s certainly true that in their communications | 但可以肯定的是在大多数人的交流中 |
| [1:08:50] | and their actions, most of them indicate that, | 和行动中 他们大部分都表示 |
| [1:08:54] | while they might generously offer | 虽然他们可能会对 |
| [1:08:56] | to help with the cleanup problem, | 清理问题慷慨解囊 |
| [1:08:59] | there’s nothing wrong with the product | 产品和生产公司 |
| [1:09:01] | or with the companies that are making the product. | 都没有做错什么 |
| [1:09:04] | The fault lies with the consumers and with countries | 错误主要在于对消费者的欺骗 以及一些国家 |
| [1:09:07] | that have inadequate waste recycling infrastructure. | 垃圾再利用的基础设施建设还不够完善 |
| [1:09:11] | 大卫·泰勒 主席兼首席执行官 宝洁 | |
| [1:09:11] | I think everyone agrees that plastic waste | 我觉得所有人都明白我们不应当 |
| [1:09:14] | does not belong in the ocean or the environment. | 将塑料垃圾扔到海洋或是大自然中 |
| [1:09:16] | So I’m very happy to announce today | 所以我今天很荣幸在这里宣布 |
| [1:09:18] | the formation of the “alliance to end plastic waste.” | “终结塑料垃圾联盟”成立 |
| [1:09:21] | This can bring together companies that make plastic | 这可以将塑料生产公司 |
| [1:09:25] | and those that handle plastic after the consumer use. | 与废弃塑料处理厂紧密联系起来 |
| [1:09:28] | We’re ready to invest over $1.5 billion | 我们打算投资超过十五亿美元 |
| [1:09:31] | to identify projects and fund projects | 来鉴别并资助那些 |
| [1:09:34] | to really get at solving solutions. | 可以真正找到解决办法的项目 |
| [1:09:37] | I think if you look at some of the industry-backed plans, | 如果你仔细研究一些有工业支持的项目 |
| [1:09:40] | the alliance to end plastic waste, | 你会发现 这个终结塑料垃圾联盟 |
| [1:09:43] | they want to put significant investment into recycling | 他们其实是想大力投资关于垃圾再利用 |
| [1:09:45] | and waste collection infrastructure, | 以及垃圾回收这种基础设施的建设 |
| [1:09:47] | and that’s great where it happens. | 对于他们投资的地方显然很不错 |
| [1:09:50] | But that’s not going to reach everywhere. | 但鞭长莫及 他们不可能覆盖每一个地方 |
| [1:09:53] | It’s definitely not on the same scale | 起码不可能每个地方都有如此规模 |
| [1:09:55] | or even close to the scale of the amount of plastic | 如果继续按这种方式投资基础设施建设 |
| [1:09:58] | that is projected to be produced in the coming decade | 那么一些地方基建的规模甚至无法处理 |
| [1:10:01] | based upon all this new investment in infrastructure. | 接下来十年将要产生的塑料垃圾 |
| [1:10:14] | 然而石油化工设施却收到了2040亿美元的投资 用于建设>334所新的石油化设施 | |
| [1:10:24] | The metaphor I use in the piece is it’s like trying to bail out | 这就好像我想用一把茶匙将盛满了水 |
| [1:10:28] | a bathtub with a teaspoon while the tap is on full blast. | 还开着水龙头的浴缸舀干净一样 |
| [1:10:33] | And certainly we see that this distraction | 但是从媒体报道上来看 |
| [1:10:36] | has been effective in terms of media coverage. | 这种事情十分有效 |
| [1:10:38] | There is a lot of coverage about cleanup. | 关于净化的报道铺天盖地 |
| [1:10:42] | Whether it’s the big ocean cleanup | 无论是铺张浪费的 |
| [1:10:44] | that has a lot of big money behind it | 大规模海洋净化 |
| [1:10:46] | or whether it’s smaller efforts, | 还是规模小一些的净化活动 |
| [1:10:48] | whether it’s industry investments in cleanup, | 无论它背后有没有商业投资 |
| [1:10:50] | that definitely has dominated the narrative. | 这些活动一定会占据新闻的头条 |
| [1:10:55] | That famous quote | 这句著名的引用 |
| [1:10:56] | “the future of plastic is in the trash can.” | “塑料以后只会沦落在垃圾桶里” |
| [1:10:58] | It’s no secret that the industry has for decades understood | 很明显 这数十年来工业界已经摸清了 |
| [1:11:04] | that the way to profit more | 获得更多收益的方式 |
| [1:11:05] | is to get people to use more plastic. | 那就是让人们使用更多的塑料 |
| [1:11:10] | Their incentive is to get us to use more, | 他们刺激我们用更多的塑料 |
| [1:11:12] | and if we throw it away, | 如果我们用完了就随意丢弃 |
| [1:11:14] | that creates P.R. problems for them. | 这就会给他们带来公关危机 |
| [1:11:17] | But economically, it’s great | 但经济收益还是十分可观的 |
| [1:11:18] | if we just keep using single-use products. | 只要我们一直使用一次性产品 |
| [1:11:23] | 长滩 美国 加州 | |
| [1:11:28] | So, if we stop to pick up everything on the way out there, | 如果我们停下把航道上的东西都捡起来 |
| [1:11:28] | 查理·摩尔船长 海藻研究与教育 | |
| [1:11:30] | we’d never make it out past the jetty, | 那我们永远到不了码头 |
| [1:11:32] | so we have to leave some things by the wayside. | 所以我们只能留一部分垃圾在航道上了 |
| [1:11:40] | I’m captain of the oceanographic research vessel alguita | 我是这艘海洋考察船艾尔基塔的船长 |
| [1:11:44] | and founder of algalita marine research and education. | 也是海藻研究与教育的创始人 |
| [1:11:51] | I’m known for working well off shore of the coastal ocean | 我一般在沿海海洋离岸工作 |
| [1:11:54] | in what are known as the oceanic gyres. | 这片区域也被叫做海洋环流区 |
| [1:12:02] | In 1997, I decided to take a shortcut | 1997年我决定绕个近路 |
| [1:12:05] | and cut across this vast expanse, | 直接穿过这一大片水域 |
| [1:12:09] | which was basically a thousand miles in diameter. | 直径大概有1610千米 |
| [1:12:14] | And I couldn’t come on deck without seeing a single piece | 我到甲板上之后的五分钟之内 |
| [1:12:17] | of plastic float by within five minutes. | 绝对会看到周围飘着废弃塑料 |
| [1:12:25] | It’s proliferated so fast, within 20 years | 速度太快了 从我发现这个现象 |
| [1:12:28] | from my time of discovering it until today, | 到现在还不到短短二十年 |
| [1:12:31] | I feel I underestimated the actual danger. | 我觉得我低估了它们对环境造成的伤害 |
| [1:12:36] | And the “aha” moment was the first time | 我们第一次认识到它们的危害时是我们 |
| [1:12:38] | we threw that trawl in the ocean and pulled it in. | 第一次把拖网扔进海里然后拉上来 |
| [1:12:42] | It was full of plastic fragments. | 发现里面全是塑料碎片 |
| [1:12:44] | That’s what blew my mind, when we realized | 就是这件事触动到我了 那时我们意识到 |
| [1:12:46] | no matter where you’re gonna throw that net and out here, | 不管你把那网撒在哪 就算不是在这 |
| [1:12:48] | you’re going to find that stuff. | 你都会找到这些垃圾 |
| [1:12:52] | So, we just pulled in the trawl. | 所以我们把网拉起来 |
| [1:12:55] | This is all plastic that we caught at the surface of the ocean. | 这就是我们在海面捡到的塑料垃圾 |
| [1:13:01] | That’s a lot. | 真多啊 |
| [1:13:03] | You’ll see the nurdles, | 这里有少量膏状物 |
| [1:13:04] | 迈克尔·多西 海藻研究与教育 | |
| [1:13:04] | which are the preproduction resin pellets | 它们是提前生产好的树脂颗粒 |
| [1:13:07] | for majority of all of our plastics we’ve ever owned. | 我们日常所用的大部分塑料制品 |
| [1:13:09] | It started out as the nurdles. | 一开始都是像这样的膏状物 |
| [1:13:12] | Look at that separation between the plastic layer. | 来看看这些不同的塑料分层 |
| [1:13:15] | Look how many different layers there are of materials there. | 看看这一个材料里有多少层 |
| [1:13:19] | See how the plastic separating from that foil. | 看看塑料怎么跟铝箔隔开 |
| [1:13:22] | So, how easy do you think it is for the recyclers to do that? | 你想想让回收人员来做这个有多难 |
| [1:13:34] | Oh, we love our sachets. | 我真喜欢我们的小香囊 |
| [1:13:42] | Just about anywhere you look now, | 不管你看哪 |
| [1:13:44] | you can find plastic if you look, | 只要你仔细看的话你都能找到塑料 |
| [1:13:46] | especially, at the nano scale materials, | 尤其是在纳米材料上 |
| [1:13:49] | which are now beginning to enter into the web of life itself. | 而这些材料现在正在融入进生物网中 |
| [1:13:57] | 世界范围内 从食物 空气以及水中发现的 微型及纳米级塑料的数量正在持续上升 | |
| [1:14:02] | 最新研究显示 全球范围内83%的自来水 以及93%的瓶装水都被检测出来存在塑料微粒 | |
| [1:14:16] | When you realize how widespread this issue is | 当你意识到这件事情影响范围多大 |
| [1:14:20] | and how small the particles are, you realize that cleanup | 以及这些塑料微粒多小的时候 你就知道 |
| [1:14:22] | 安妮卡·巴雷特 海藻研究与教育 | |
| [1:14:23] | is really just a great way to see how bad the problem is. | 净化行动可以让我们意识到问题的严重性 |
| [1:14:27] | We cannot rely on it as a solution. | 但我们不能将它当做解决办法 |
| [1:14:38] | 马尼拉 菲律宾 | |
| [1:14:40] | There are solutions that have been proven to work. | 有一些解决办法已经被证实是可行的 |
| [1:14:45] | There are cities working towards zero waste. | 一些城市正向着零垃圾努力 |
| [1:14:46] | 弗雷兰·格瑞特 全球焚化炉替代方案联盟 地球母亲基金会 | |
| [1:14:58] | 波特雷罗区 马尼拉 零垃圾先锋社区 | |
| [1:15:08] | My vision for the future is all cities are going zero waste, | 我对未来的设想是所有城市都践行零垃圾 |
| [1:15:13] | and that means that all that we use, | 这就意味着我们用的东西 |
| [1:15:16] | all that they produce, can either be composed or recycled, | 和工厂生产的东西都是可降解 可循环的 |
| [1:15:20] | and all cities have the capacity to manage these composed | 所有的城市都有回收 |
| [1:15:25] | of all of these recyclables. | 可降解垃圾的处理能力 |
| [1:15:27] | Currently, we still have residual waste. | 目前 我们仍有垃圾残渣这类的垃圾 |
| [1:15:30] | these are products of packaging | 这些是包装物的产物 |
| [1:15:32] | that can neither be composed nor recycled. | 既无法降解也无法循环利用 |
| [1:15:36] | But the beauty of a zero-waste program | 但是零垃圾计划的一项美好愿景 |
| [1:15:37] | is that we are not hiding these products. | 就是我们不用再把这些垃圾藏起来了 |
| [1:15:49] | If you are collecting resources and not waste, | 如果你是在收集资源而不是废品 |
| [1:15:53] | it’s not expensive. | 那其实并不昂贵 |
| [1:16:01] | One example is san fernando city in the philippines. | 一个例子就是菲律宾的圣·费尔南多市 |
| [1:16:05] | Without the zero-waste program, | 在没有零垃圾计划的时候 |
| [1:16:06] | San fernando would be spending 70 million pesos per year | 圣·费尔南多每年要花七千万比索 |
| [1:16:12] | just to collect their waste and dump it in a landfill. | 来收集垃圾并把他们倒入填埋场中 |
| [1:16:15] | With the zero-waste program. | 在有了零垃圾计划的时候 |
| [1:16:17] | They were able to reduce it to 12 million. | 他们将这一花费减到了1200万比索 |
| [1:16:20] | That translates to about 58 million pesos savings | 仅仅这一个城市就减少了将近 |
| [1:16:25] | for one city alone. | 5800万比索的支出 |
| [1:16:29] | There is only one solution to manage garbage. | 这仅仅是处理垃圾的一种方式 |
| [1:16:30] | 圣·费尔南多市长 埃德温·D·圣地亚哥 | |
| [1:16:32] | It’s to implement zero-waste money spend. | 主要是为了不浪费钱 |
| [1:16:36] | It’s really a part of the solution, | 它仅仅是解决方法的一部分 |
| [1:16:39] | economically and for the environment. | 无论是从经济上来说还是从环境上说 |
| [1:16:43] | We’re proud of san fernando with their 7% to 8% | 我们很自豪地看到圣·费尔南多 |
| [1:16:46] | waste aversion. | 减少了7~8%的垃圾 |
| [1:16:48] | But the reality is that you have that remaining 22% | 但现实需要你把那个数值控制在22%上下 |
| [1:16:53] | that san fernando cannot manage, that no one can manage. | 这一点圣·费尔南多做不到 也没有城市做得到 |
| [1:17:01] | The zero-waste program allows us to identify which products | 零垃圾计划让我们可以分辨哪些产品会 |
| [1:17:06] | are beyond the capacity of communities to manage. | 超出一个社区处理垃圾的能力 |
| [1:17:13] | Industries are going to have to take this into account. | 工业界必须把这点考虑到 |
| [1:17:15] | 蒂扎·马伕拉 印度尼西亚塑料袋减肥运动 | |
| [1:17:16] | If their product isn’t able to be recycled, | 如果他们的产品不仅在它们的产出地 |
| [1:17:19] | not not only in the in the country | 以及设计地点 |
| [1:17:21] | where it’s produced or designed, | 抑或是它们被销往的地方 |
| [1:17:22] | but in the country where it ends up, | 都无法循环使用的话 |
| [1:17:24] | then they shouldn’t be producing that kind of product. | 那他们就不应该生产这种产品 |
| [1:17:29] | 喀拉拉邦 印度 | |
| [1:17:33] | 萨纳尔基金会 V. 尼可利仕·帕里亚斯 | |
| [1:17:41] | Right now, we are having a brand audit | 现如今我们有品牌审计流程 |
| [1:17:44] | in which we are trying to identify | 通过这个流程我们会鉴别那些 |
| [1:17:45] | the brands which contribute the most to plastic waste | 主要会产出塑料垃圾的产品品牌 |
| [1:17:50] | which is generated at the household level. | 所产生的垃圾是否在合理范围内 |
| [1:17:52] | We are trying to generate enough baseline data | 我们正在尝试获得足够的基准数据 |
| [1:17:56] | to enable the government to take a stand | 好让政府表明立场 |
| [1:17:58] | so that they can follow guidelines for implementing epr | 这样他们就可以根据指导来实施 |
| [1:18:01] | to fix extended producer responsibility. | 并调整延伸生产者责任制 |
| [1:18:05] | When we say “extended producer responsibility,” | 当我们说到”延伸生产者责任制”时 |
| [1:18:08] | he try to transfer the responsibility | 这个制度就是将处理产品时产生废物的责任 |
| [1:18:10] | of handling discards of branded products back to the producer. | 返还到了生产者手里 |
| [1:18:15] | For example, if you’re buying a packet of chips, | 举个例子 如果你买了一包薯片 |
| [1:18:18] | you had essentially buying the chips and not packaging | 你其实买的是这些薯片而不是 |
| [1:18:20] | which comes along with it. | 装着薯片的包装 |
| [1:18:23] | So, the manufacturer should take the responsibility | 所以生产商应该要负起责任 |
| [1:18:26] | for either collecting them back | 要么收集这些包装袋 |
| [1:18:29] | or should support the government in treating them. | 或者帮助政府处理它们 |
| [1:18:34] | So, this is what we dream by implementing | 这就是我们希望通过实施 |
| [1:18:37] | extended producer responsibility. | 延伸生产者责任制可以达成的效果 |
| [1:18:40] | From what we see right here, | 现在的话这里有 |
| [1:18:42] | there are five main contributors to the majority | 五家主要产生塑料垃圾的 |
| [1:18:45] | of the plastic waste generated. | 生产商 |
| [1:18:47] | Unilever, ITC, Nestlé, Milman, and Pepsico. | 联合利华 印度烟草公司 雀巢 米尔曼 和百事公司 |
| [1:18:53] | And we are getting similar feedback | 在全国各地收集垃圾的途中 |
| [1:18:55] | from different brands as their collected all over the country | 这些不同品牌都给了我们相似的反馈 |
| [1:18:58] | where the same names are coming up as the top brands. | 这些顶级品牌的名字一直被他们提到 |
| [1:19:05] | We know who they are. | 我们知道他们是谁 |
| [1:19:08] | We’ve been trying to work with them. | 我们一直在尝试与他们合作 |
| [1:19:10] | They have to step up, and they had to own the problem. | 他们必须站出来 承认他们的问题 |
| [1:19:16] | It cannot be forever supporting the bottom line | 我们不能一直容忍这些公司 |
| [1:19:19] | of these companies that has got to stop now. | 这种情况必须得停止了 |
| [1:19:21] | 冯·埃尔南德斯 零塑料 | |
| [1:19:22] | They need to be given the bill. | 他们必须要受到处罚 |
| [1:19:26] | We’ve got to pass legislation, | 我们已经通过立法 |
| [1:19:26] | 芭拉蒂·查图韦迪 钦腾环境研究与行动组织 | |
| [1:19:28] | and we’ve got to create public opinion to reduce waste. | 已经形成了减少垃圾的大众认同 |
| [1:19:49] | They have a role to play if they want to adapt, | 如果想要改变 大家可以有所作为 |
| [1:19:50] | 约翰·马克·西蒙 实行欧洲零浪费 | |
| [1:19:51] | but if they don’t adapt, | 但如果大家不改变 |
| [1:19:52] | we should not expect the Coca Colas | 未来二十年内 我们都没法推动可口可乐 |
| [1:19:54] | or Pepsi Colas or Unilevers of this world to be there in 20 years. | 百事 联合利华等公司做出改变 |
| [1:19:58] | To continue creating products on the basis of petrochemicals | 继续用化工原料制造产品 |
| [1:19:59] | 弗朗斯·蒂默曼斯 欧洲委员会首任副主席 | |
| [1:20:04] | is not embracing the full potential | 并没有发掘出 |
| [1:20:06] | of the opportunities that we see elsewhere. | 其他领域的全部潜力 |
| [1:20:09] | We’re almost there that you can create packaging | 我们快要成功造出 |
| [1:20:13] | that has nothing to do with plastics. | 非塑料的包装制品了 |
| [1:20:15] | We’re almost there. | 我们就快要成功了 |
| [1:20:23] | If you can use less material, | 如果能够少用塑料制品 |
| [1:20:23] | 莫莉·摩斯博士 芒果材料组织 (生物高分子研究) | |
| [1:20:24] | for sure, that’s always number one. | 当然了 塑料确实方便使用 |
| [1:20:27] | But for everything else, biodegradable | 但是说实话 可生物降解塑料 |
| [1:20:29] | and bio-based plastic can be a good solution in the future. | 以及生物基的塑料也是一种好方案 |
| [1:20:37] | 研究人员正在努力提高 生物高分子材料做原料的可行性 该材料的耐用性极佳 亦可有效实现生物降解 | |
| [1:20:46] | People always say, like, “oh, Molly, I thought of you. | 周围人总说 “莫莉 我想起你了 |
| [1:20:48] | I was at CVS, and I bought | 我在便利店买了一瓶 |
| [1:20:50] | a biodegradable shampoo bottle,” | 可降解包装的洗发水” |
| [1:20:51] | and I’m like, “I know exactly what you bought. | 然后我说 “我知道你买的是什么 |
| [1:20:53] | It’s not biodegradable.” | 那种材料其实不能生物降解” |
| [1:20:56] | just ’cause something’s made from corn or plants | 制作的原材料是玉米 植物等等 |
| [1:20:59] | does not mean it’s biodegradable. | 不代表最后的成品就是生物可降解的 |
| [1:21:00] | So, we see a lot of things | 所以我们能看见很多 |
| [1:21:02] | like bio-P.E.T. On the market, for instance. | 比如生物基聚酯塑料 就是超市里的那种 |
| [1:21:05] | And bio-P.E.T. is the same carbon chain | 而生物基聚酯塑料的碳链 |
| [1:21:09] | that’s in conventional P.E.T., | 和传统聚酯塑料其实是一样的 |
| [1:21:11] | and you’re not using ancient fossil carbon | 你用的虽然不是从化石里 |
| [1:21:14] | to make that material, | 提取出的碳 |
| [1:21:15] | but it’s the exact same carbon chain. | 实际上它们是同一种碳链 |
| [1:21:17] | It’s not gonna be biodegradable. | 所以并不能生物降解 |
| [1:21:19] | So, those two things are completely unrelated, | 这两样东西完全没有关系 |
| [1:21:21] | biodegradable and bio-based. | 生物可降解和生物基 |
| [1:21:24] | But we really need to think about both | 但我们得好好想想这两者 |
| [1:21:29] | What we’re going up against, the incumbent persistence, | 我们要反对的 是当前持续存在的 |
| [1:21:33] | petrochemical-based plastics. | 石油化工基的塑料 |
| [1:21:35] | this is a massive infrastructure challenge. | 这是一项巨大的基础性挑战 |
| [1:21:41] | 化石燃料基塑料的制造成本被人为压低 其原因是全球化石燃料给予的补贴 | |
| [1:21:56] | If we really want to completely transform this industry, | 如果我们真的想彻底改变这一行业 |
| [1:22:01] | we have to create that demand and say to the producers, | 我们得自己形成需求 得告诉生产商 |
| [1:22:04] | “you must buy this much recycled resin instead of virgin,” | “你必须买这种可回收塑料 不许买纯塑料” |
| [1:22:09] | then you’re going to see demand. | 这种需求才会真正落实 |
| [1:22:09] | 克拉丽莎·莫拉夫斯基 再循环平台 | |
| [1:22:10] | Then you’re going to see investment in recycling. | 你才会看见对可回收领域的投资 |
| [1:22:13] | Now, that being said, it’s not all about recycling. | 说到底 这并不完全为了可回收 |
| [1:22:19] | I don’t think we recycle our way out of this problem. | 我觉得回收并不能解决现在的问题 |
| [1:22:23] | We’ve got to reduce and reuse our way out of this, | 我们要减少垃圾 循环利用 |
| [1:22:28] | and that’s definitely not what | 而这些观念绝对不存在于 |
| [1:22:30] | Dow, and Dupont, and 3M, and Target, | 陶氏 杜邦 3M 塔吉特百货 |
| [1:22:35] | and Procter & Gamble, and Starbucks are thinking. | 宝洁 星巴克等等公司的考虑范围内 |
| [1:22:42] | 帮助我们 减少 回收 再次装满 | |
| [1:22:42] | 我们在这个商店做 减少包装的实验 希望得到你的协助 我们有很多好的主意 你的反馈会帮助我们改进 | |
| [1:22:46] | The question is, are we going to see | 问题是 在未来二三十年里 |
| [1:22:47] | a world of multinationals in 20 or 30 years’ time, | 我们是想迎来一个属于跨国巨头的世界 |
| [1:22:48] | 约翰·马克·西蒙 欧洲零浪费 | |
| [1:22:50] | or we want to see a world where, actually, | 还是期待未来 |
| [1:22:52] | you have a lot more alternative delivery systems, | 会出现许多其他的供应系统 |
| [1:22:55] | business models that go a lot more small scale, | 其他的商业模式 业务规模更小 |
| [1:22:58] | and actually building on the communities. | 建立基于社区的产业链 |
| [1:23:01] | The world that I hope to see | 我希望以后这个世界上 |
| [1:23:03] | is one where your beauty-care products or your drinks | 买到的护理产品 饮料 |
| [1:23:07] | or whatever else that you’re buying | 等种种产品 |
| [1:23:09] | 艾玛·普里斯特兰 零塑料 | |
| [1:23:09] | is coming in reusable packaging, | 都能用上可回收包装 |
| [1:23:12] | and we have more localized systems | 我还希望建成本地化的体系 |
| [1:23:15] | so that we break free from these huge, multinational companies | 挣脱大型跨国企业的束缚 |
| [1:23:18] | who have massive supply chains | 他们的供应链太庞大 |
| [1:23:20] | that force them to rely on plastic packaging. | 不得不依赖于塑料包装 |
| [1:23:25] | At least we can turn off the tap, right? | 至少我们可以把水龙头关上 对吧 |
| [1:23:30] | That’s the least that we can do — | 至少这是我们力所能及的 |
| [1:23:32] | the very least that we can do. | 十分微小 却力所能及 |
| [1:23:39] | People are thinking that prevention is radical, | 人们会觉得限制塑料有点激进 |
| [1:23:44] | something that comes after recycling. | 认为应该先考虑循环回收 |
| [1:23:47] | It’s not. It’s supposed to be the essential thing | 其实并不是的 预防才是最重要的 |
| [1:23:49] | to do first and foremost. | 预防才是该放在首位的事 |
| [1:23:52] | There has to be a policy. | 要制定相关政策 |
| [1:23:54] | That’s the only way that you can get massive-scale conversions | 只有这样 才能迎来大范围的转变 |
| [1:23:57] | to single-use-plastic free. | 才能拒绝一次性塑料 |
| [1:24:06] | Before we passed the plastic-bag reduction law in California, | 如果不是加州颁布的限塑令 |
| [1:24:10] | this would have been full of plastic bags, too. | 这里大概也会堆满塑料袋 |
| [1:24:13] | So, it’s pretty awesome that there aren’t very many | 实际上塑料袋没那么多 真是令人欣慰 |
| [1:24:17] | ’cause those plastic bags are a nightmare. | 这种塑料袋真是一场噩梦 |
| [1:24:19] | They gummed up everything. | 它们会裹住一切 |
| [1:24:20] | And it’s a success story that gives us some ideas | 这场胜仗能够启发我们 |
| [1:24:23] | about how we might deal with some of these other materials. | 以后可以怎样处理这些塑料 |
| [1:24:28] | What we did is we looked at | 我们在研究 |
| [1:24:30] | which single-use-plastics items | 该如何便捷地取代 |
| [1:24:32] | could be easily replaced like straws, | 一次性塑料制品 比如吸管 |
| [1:24:33] | 弗朗斯·蒂默曼斯 欧洲委员会首任副主席 | |
| [1:24:35] | Q-tips, plastic cutlery, plastic plates, et cetera, | 棉签 刀叉 餐盘等等 |
| [1:24:40] | so we could ban those products. | 我们可以封禁这类产品 |
| [1:24:43] | And then you have products that are not as easily replaceable. | 其他不容易取代的产品 |
| [1:24:47] | There, you need to help industry | 我们可以帮助该产业 |
| [1:24:48] | to try and develop other products | 研发新的产品 |
| [1:24:51] | that could replace these products. | 来取代这类产品 |
| [1:24:52] | And, also, what has been very successful are programs | 回收塑料瓶的项目 |
| [1:24:56] | to recollect plastic bottles. | 也很成功 |
| [1:24:58] | You get collection of over 90%. | 塑料瓶的回收率达到了90% |
| [1:25:02] | All these things combined should be one strategy. | 这些行动应该归结为一项战略 |
| [1:25:08] | This is not a Europe-centric or western-centric issue. | 这不是欧洲或西方世界的内部事务 |
| [1:25:17] | In some African countries, | 有的非洲国家 |
| [1:25:19] | governments are willing to be more radical than Europe | 政府对一次性塑料制品的态度 |
| [1:25:22] | on single-use plastics. | 比欧洲国家还要激进 |
| [1:25:26] | Rwanda is a role model. | 卢旺达就是一个典范 |
| [1:25:27] | Since the ban was introduced 10 years ago, | 十年前 禁塑令生效以来 |
| [1:25:30] | countries around the world have since also banned plastic bags. | 世界各国都开始禁用塑料袋 |
| [1:25:35] | The public is happy to hear | 公众很乐于听闻 |
| [1:25:36] | about these bans taking place. | 禁塑令生效 |
| [1:25:40] | And companies are really afraid. | 而企业却很害怕 |
| [1:25:43] | They’re suddenly realizing this is really serious. | 它们忽然意识到 这是一个严肃的问题 |
| [1:25:54] | Without the legislation, we have nothing. | 没有立法 我们就一无所有 |
| [1:25:56] | Because then you’re asking corporations | 因为你要是让企业 |
| [1:25:57] | to voluntarily do the right thing. | 主动去做正义的事情 |
| [1:25:59] | They’re not going to do that. | 它们才不会主动做 |
| [1:26:01] | But if everybody is forced to do it, they all have to pay, | 可如果所有人都逼迫它 它们尝到恶果了 |
| [1:26:03] | they’re going to come together, | 它们才会联合起来 |
| [1:26:05] | and those costs that were externalized in the past | 而以前那些由外界承担的成本 |
| [1:26:08] | and basically borne by poor communities | 一般都是贫困地区承担下来的 |
| [1:26:11] | suffering with all this marine litter | 他们承受着海洋垃圾的危害 |
| [1:26:13] | or municipalities | 还有市政部门 |
| [1:26:14] | having to deal with expensive recycling and disposal programs | 也要进行垃圾回收 |
| [1:26:17] | or large incinerators that they have to keep feeding, | 还要使用大型焚化炉 这些代价十分高昂 |
| [1:26:21] | Those are externalized costs | 这些都是外界承担的成本 |
| [1:26:23] | that companies are profiting from. | 都是公司获利 却没承担的成本 |
| [1:26:26] | Now we’re going to give them back those costs and say, | 现在 我们要把成本还给他们 告诉他们 |
| [1:26:28] | “you know what? It’s your problem now. | “你听好了 这是你制造的问题 |
| [1:26:29] | You deal with it. | 你给我解决掉 |
| [1:26:30] | Are you still going to do business | 你是打算 |
| [1:26:32] | the same way you do business now, | 保持商业运作方式不变呢 |
| [1:26:33] | or are you going to redesign your product | 还是打算重新设计产品 |
| [1:26:35] | so you’re going to reduce those costs | 从而降低企业成本 |
| [1:26:37] | and it’s actually going to be more environmentally friendly?” | 而重新设计其实更加环保” |
| [1:26:39] | 肯尼亚第十二届议会第一次会议 议员就职典礼 | |
| [1:26:42] | I believe we’re at a tipping point right now. | 我认为我们现在在一个临界点上 |
| [1:26:44] | 智利 智利成为美洲第一个禁用塑料袋的国家 | |
| [1:26:44] | I’ve seen more policy change globally | 我看到八个月以来 |
| [1:26:46] | in the last 8 months | 全球各国的政策变化 |
| [1:26:48] | than I’ve seen in 20 years of my career | 比我从业二十年来看见的还要多 |
| [1:26:50] | because not only are governments getting pissed off, | 因为不仅政府觉得愤怒 |
| [1:26:53] | but companies are recognizing | 企业也开始意识到 |
| [1:26:55] | they can’t get away with it anymore. | 他们不能再回避问题了 |
| [1:28:13] | So many parts of our economy, | 经济的很多环节 |
| [1:28:15] | so many places around the world are dependent | 还有全球很多地区 都依存于 |
| [1:28:17] | on this relatively small group of corporations | 那么一小撮企业 |
| [1:28:21] | who are making a tremendous amount of money | 他们赚了很多很多的钱 |
| [1:28:23] | poisoning the rest of us. | 却在毒害我们其他人 |
| [1:28:27] | And, so, figuring out how to break out of that cycle. | 所以 要思索如何打破这个怪圈 |
| [1:28:30] | That’s the project of our lifetime. | 这是我们一生的使命 |
| [1:28:35] | Plastics are treated as a product | 塑料这种产品 |
| [1:28:37] | that miraculously appears from nowhere, | 非常神奇地”无中生有” |
| [1:28:40] | and it goes to nowhere. | 却又无处可去 |
| [1:28:44] | That invisibility, that magic nature of plastics | 塑料这种神奇而隐蔽的性质 |
| [1:28:47] | is something that the oil and gas industry has perpetuated | 使得石油天然气产业长期存在 |
| [1:28:51] | and promoted very effectively for decades. | 数十年来发展得蒸蒸日上 |
| [1:28:54] | But what was once invisible is becoming visible. | 但过去隐藏的一切现在都显露出来了 |
| [1:28:59] | The plastic crisis doesn’t start | 塑料危机并不始于 |
| [1:29:02] | when the plastics enter the ocean. | 塑料进入海洋的时候 |
| [1:29:04] | It starts when the oil and the gas leave the wellhead | 而始于石油和天然气离开钻井的那一刻 |
| [1:29:08] | and it keeps on being a problem at every step along the way. | 它会在之后的每一个环节造成问题 |
| [1:29:15] | So, if you want to stop plastics, | 所以 如果想要消灭塑料 |
| [1:29:16] | if you want to truly confront the plastics crisis, | 如果想真正面对塑料危机 |
| [1:29:20] | fight to end fossil-fuel subsidies. | 想消灭化石燃料的副产品 |
| [1:29:23] | Make companies accountable for the lifecycle impacts | 就得让企业对产品产生的影响 |
| [1:29:26] | of their products. | 负起责任来 |
| [1:29:28] | The moment that Exxon, the moment that Shell, | 埃克森 壳牌 |
| [1:29:31] | the moment that Chevron and Dow and Dupont | 雪佛龙 陶氏 杜邦 |
| [1:29:33] | own the impacts of these products, | 企业对产品的影响负起责任 |
| [1:29:35] | the plastics crisis will be over | 只有这样才能解决塑料危机 |
| [1:29:37] | and not before then. | 不再重蹈覆辙 |
| [1:29:40] | Now, it may be a kind of a token idea, | 现在 这只是一种象征性的想法 |
| [1:29:43] | But I think that circular economy is possible. | 但我认为 循环经济是有可能的 |
| [1:29:46] | Zero waste is possible. | 零垃圾是有可能的 |
| [1:30:04] | It’s not reasonable at all | 人类如果继续过这样的生活 |
| [1:30:06] | that we continue to live like this | 还希望以后能够存活下来 |
| [1:30:08] | and expect to survive. | 这种想法真的很不合理 |
| [1:30:11] | We’re ruining the planet that gives us life, | 我们在摧毁这个予人以生命的星球 |
| [1:30:14] | and we’re ruining the oceans that give us fish. | 在摧毁予人以鱼类的海洋 |
| [1:30:17] | We’re ruining the rivers that give us clean water. | 在摧毁予人以净水的河流 |
| [1:30:28] | I don’t think they can keep on… | 我觉得它们不会 |
| [1:30:31] | tricking people forever. | 无休止地包容人类 |