英文名称：Japans Tsunami How it Happened=
年代：2011
推荐：千部英美剧台词本阅读
| 时间 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| [00:03] | It was a tragedy on an extraordinary scale. | 这是一场巨大的惨剧 |
| [00:07] | A quake so powerful, it knocked the earth off its axies. | 强烈的地震甚至使地球偏离了地轴 |
| [00:14] | Tens of thousands dead. | 数万人丧生 |
| [00:16] | The whole of Japan shifted three metres out to sea. | 整个日本岛向海里移动了三米 |
| [00:20] | Parts of the coast dropped over a metre. | 部分海岸下沉了一米 |
| [00:28] | What were the forces that came together | 究竟是哪些因素一起 |
| [00:30] | to create this horrifying disaster? | 导致了这场惨绝人寰的灾难 |
| [00:34] | A team of scientists is investigating. | 一组科学家正在调查 |
| [00:38] | Never before have we had such a surplus of data. | 我们从未有过这么充足的数据 |
| [00:42] | There are no mysteriesin this earthquake, | 这次地震并无任何悬疑之处 |
| [00:45] | we know exactly what happened. | 我们对发生的一切了如指掌 |
| [00:48] | Japan’s coast lies in ruins. | 日本的海岸线上一片废墟 |
| [00:51] | Incredibly, it could have been even worse. | 不可思议的是 结果本可能更糟 |
| [00:55] | This is the untold story of | 本片中这个不为人知的故事 |
| [00:57] | how science saved lives. | 讲述的是科学如何拯救生命 |
| [00:59] | And how scientists are piecing together exactly what happened. | 以及科学家如何完整再现事件始末 |
| [01:20] | Professor Roger Bilham is a world-leading earthquake expert. | 罗格·比尔汉姆教授是世界一流的地震专家 |
| [01:24] | He is in Japan to witness the immediate aftermath. | 他为观察震后情况专程来到日本 |
| [01:27] | So we are flying right over the coast right now, | 我们正在海岸线上空 |
| [01:27] | 罗格·比尔汉姆 科罗拉多大学 地震学家 | |
| [01:29] | and much of the coast has sunk about a meter. | 大部分海岸下陷了一米 |
| [01:34] | The extent of the damage is truly amazing. | 破坏范围之广实在令人惊讶 |
| [01:36] | The tsunami picked up everything in its path, | 海啸卷起了所经之处的一切 |
| [01:40] | cars, houses, ware houses, | 汽车 民宅 仓库 |
| [01:42] | and just tumbled them relentlessly inland, on and on and on. | 就这样残酷地将一切不断地推向内陆 |
| [01:47] | One of the things I’d like to see is exactly how far it went, | 我关心的是海啸究竟深入到什么地方 |
| [01:50] | what kind of debris gets left behind on these gigantic tsunamis. | 如此巨大的海啸留下了怎样的废墟 |
| [01:57] | Bilham is the first geologist | 比尔汉姆是第一位 |
| [01:58] | to conduct an aerial survey of the damage. | 对灾情进行空中观察的地震学家 |
| [02:01] | Every detail of the disaster has been recorded by seismometers, | 这场灾难的一切细节都被地震仪 应变计 |
| [02:05] | strain gauges and tidal gauges, | 以及潮汐计记录了下来 |
| [02:08] | allowing experts to analyse exactly what happened. | 专家们便能据此分析究竟发生了什么 |
| [02:14] | But this was first and foremost | 但毫无疑问 |
| [02:16] | a human tragedy on an unimaginable scale. | 这是一场规模巨大的人间浩劫 |
| [02:29] | It ripped away much of Japan’s infrastructure. | 它卷走了日本大量的基础设施 |
| [02:33] | One of the world’s most developed nations, brought to its knees. | 世界上最发达的国家之一被打翻在地 |
| [02:52] | As rescue workers pick through the debris, | 当救援人员在废墟中搜索时 |
| [02:55] | Bilham and other scientists around the world | 比尔汉姆以及世界上其他的地震学家 |
| [02:58] | take on the challenge of understanding the massive earthquake, | 开始挑战分析大地震这一难题 |
| [03:00] | in the hope of one day avoiding such loss of life. | 希望日后能避免这样的伤亡 |
| [03:11] | The source of the disaster lay 100 kilometres off the coast. | 震源在海岸线100公里外 |
| 本电影台词包含不重复单词：1064个。 其中的生词包含：四级词汇：240个，六级词汇：116个，GRE词汇：114个，托福词汇：179个，考研词汇：249个，专四词汇：194个，专八词汇：27个， 所有生词标注共：435个。 定制生词标注的台词本和单词统计，请访问生词标注台词本 | ||
| [03:21] | Beneath six kilometres water, | 在水下6公里处 |
| [03:23] | the Earth is distorting, | 地球正在扭曲变形 |
| [03:26] | a vast, slow-motion collision. | 这是一次巨大而又缓慢的碰撞 |
| [03:37] | The Earth’s crust is made up of several | 地壳是由数块构造板块组成 |
| [03:40] | continent-sized slabs of rock, tectonic plates. | 每块都有一个洲那么大 |
| [03:43] | Japan lies on a boundary between these plates. | 日本就处在板块的边界上 |
| [03:48] | The Pacific plate is ramming into it at eight centimetres a year, | 太平洋板块每年向内挤压8厘米 |
| [03:52] | about the same speed your fingernails grow. | 和人们手指甲的生长速度差不多 |
| [03:55] | The Pacific plate drives underneath it | 太平洋板块插入到欧亚板块下方 |
| [03:58] | snagging and catching as it goes. | 同时不断扯动欧亚板块 |
| [04:01] | The plate that Japan sits on compresses and buckles under the strain. | 日本所在的板块在拉扯下压缩弯折 |
| [04:06] | Over decades and centuries, | 几十年 几百年 |
| [04:08] | immense stresses build up. | 积累了巨大的能量 |
| [04:11] | The energy that drove this earthquake | 造成这场海啸的能量 |
| [04:14] | had been building up for a couple of hundred years. | 积聚了几百年 |
| [04:17] | It is caused by the movement of the Pacific plate towards the Eurasian plate. | 这是由太平洋板块向欧亚板块移动造成的 |
| [04:21] | Think of it as a giant elastic band | 想象一下一根 |
| [04:23] | that is being wound up for 200 years. | 上了两百年的发条 |
| [04:30] | On March 11th 2011, | 2011年3月11日 |
| [04:32] | at 2:46 pm Japanese time, | 日本时间14点46分 |
| [04:35] | the stresses reached breaking point. | 压力达到了临界点 |
| [04:39] | The amount of energy released in an earthquake of this size is really huge | 地震中释放的能量非常大 |
| [04:40] | 汤姆·乔顿 南加州地震中心主管 | |
| [04:42] | and you have to measure it in large units. | 得用很大的单位来计量 |
| [04:46] | If you take the atomic bomb that devastated Hiroshima, | 如果用广岛原子弹来计 |
| [04:50] | this event was probably two million of those, | 其释放的能量相当于两百万颗广岛原子弹 |
| [04:54] | a really huge amount of energy. | 能量非常大 |
| [04:57] | Shockwaves radiated out. | 震波辐射开来 |
| [05:00] | The fastest, known as P-waves, | 较快的波是纵波 |
| [05:03] | travelled at six kilometres a second. | 它能以每秒6公里的速度传播 |
| [05:08] | Japan’s detection systems pick them up instantly. | 日本的监测系统立刻感应到了纵波 |
| [05:13] | Within seconds, | 几秒钟内 |
| [05:14] | before anyone realised what was going on, | 在大家还没弄清楚怎么回事时 |
| [05:17] | automatic warnings flashed across the country. | 自动警报便已传遍整个国家 |
| [05:23] | A computer-generated announcement | 一条电脑生成的警告 |
| [05:25] | even interrupted a Japanese Parliament broadcast. | 甚至打断了日本国会的现场直播 |
| [05:31] | By the time the warning system kicked in, | 警报系统启动时 |
| [05:33] | the coastal city of Sendai, | 震源100公里外的 |
| [05:36] | just 100 kilometres from where the earthquake originated, | 海滨城市仙台 |
| [05:38] | was shaking. | 已经有了震感 |
| [05:41] | The slower, but more destructive shockwaves, called S-waves, | 较慢但是更具破坏力的横波 |
| [05:45] | had now arrived. | 抵达了这里 |
| [05:48] | These waves travel at three kilometres a second. | 横波的速度为每秒3公里 |
| [05:52] | They threw north-east Japan into chaos. | 地震横波使日本东北部陷入一片混乱 |
| [06:23] | As the shockwaves raced outward, | 震波向前推进 |
| [06:26] | 150 kilometres southwest of the epicentre, | 冲击了震源西南方 |
| [06:29] | they slammed past Fukushima Daiichi, | 150公里处的福岛核电站 |
| [06:33] | an aging nuclear power plant housing six reactors, | 这是一家有着六个反应堆的老旧核电站 |
| [06:37] | and generating four-and-a-half gigawatts of electricity for the the local grid. | 功率高达4.5千兆瓦 |
| [06:49] | This footage from a town near the reactor | 这段视频拍摄于核电站附近的小镇 |
| [06:52] | gives some idea of the earthquake’s power. | 我们能从中想见地震的强度 |
| [07:01] | Japan’s warning system had automatically shut down the reactors. | 日本的警报系统自动关停了反应堆 |
| [07:05] | Cooling them would take time. | 反应堆冷却需要时间 |
| [07:08] | When you think shut-down, | 你听到关停这个词 |
| [07:08] | 吉姆·沃什 麻省理工学院安全研究项目研究员 | |
| [07:10] | you know the danger is gone, | 你会觉得没有危险了 |
| [07:12] | because it has shut down. | 因为已经关停了 |
| [07:13] | But the reactor core was still extremely hot. | 但反应堆芯依然炽热 |
| [07:16] | You know if you have a pan in the oven, | 比方说你在炉子里放了个盘子 |
| [07:18] | and you shut the oven off, | 关掉炉子 |
| [07:19] | that oven continues to heat inside | 尽管如此 |
| [07:22] | even after you have turned it off. | 炉子还是会给内部继续加热 |
| [07:24] | After shut-down, | 反应堆关停之后 |
| [07:26] | emergency diesel generators kicked in to pump coolant through the reactor cores. | 应急柴油发电机启动 向堆芯泵入冷却剂 |
| [07:31] | Fukushima survived the earthquake intact, | 福岛核电站扛住了地震的袭击 |
| [07:34] | but there is one big problem. | 但是还有个大问题 |
| [07:37] | It stands just metres from the sea. | 它离海岸只有几步之遥 |
| [07:42] | 11,000 kilometres away, | 11000公里外 |
| [07:44] | the Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre in Hawaii, | 夏威夷的太平洋海啸预警中心里 |
| [07:47] | staff get emergency pager messages. | 工作人员都收到了紧急呼叫的信息 |
| [07:50] | Within ten seconds of the earthquake starting, | 震后数十秒内 |
| [07:53] | its effects were already being monitored around the world. | 全球都检测到了其造成的影响 |
| [07:57] | Japan has lots of seismometers, | 日本有很多地震仪 |
| [07:58] | so there was a lot of information fast. | 所以很快就能收到很多信息 |
| [07:58] | 杰勒德·弗雷耶 太平洋海啸预警中心 地球物理学家 | |
| [08:01] | So the earthquake was still going on when we got our page. | 我们收到信息时地震仍在继续 |
| [08:06] | First indications, a magnitude of around seven. | 初期的数据显示 震级为七级左右 |
| [08:10] | But as data flooded in the figures start to climb. | 但随着数据的涌入 震级也在不断攀升 |
| [08:14] | 7.5. | 7.5级 |
| [08:16] | 7.7. | 7.7级 |
| [08:18] | Up into the eights. | 一直到8级 |
| [08:21] | The immediate reaction of everybody | 每个人都马上意识到 |
| [08:23] | was, that’s not right | 这不对劲 |
| [08:25] | because the history of Japan, | 因为在日本历史上 |
| [08:29] | there has never an earthquake larger than 8.4 | 还没有超过8.4级的地震 |
| [08:34] | It really heightened the intensity of what we were doing, | 当前工作的重要性不容置疑 |
| [08:35] | 查尔斯·麦克利 太平洋海啸预警中心主管 | |
| [08:37] | because we knew we were dealing with something very big | 因为我们意识到这件事非同寻常 |
| [08:40] | and something that could affect the whole Pacific Basin. | 它足以影响整个环太平洋海域 |
| [08:43] | We realised, oh, this is it | 我们意识到 哦 原来是这样 |
| [08:45] | then immediately, you realise | 然后马上就明白了 |
| [08:50] | this is is horrible for Japan. | 这将是对日本的重创 |
| [08:55] | 100 seconds since the fault line slipped. | 断层线滑动100秒后 |
| [08:59] | The slowest-moving, but most destructive, S-waves | 传播缓慢但极具破坏力的横波 |
| [09:02] | reached Tokyo. | 抵达了东京 |
| [09:19] | With 60 seconds’ warning, | 在长达60秒的广播预警声中 |
| [09:21] | Tokyo was already braced. | 东京已经严阵以待 |
| [09:24] | But not for this. | 但事情大大超乎想象 |
| [09:31] | The quake lasted an unprecedented five minutes. | 地震出乎意料地持续了五分钟 |
| [09:39] | One American geologist was in the city that day. | 一位美国地质学家那天正好在市里 |
| [09:44] | We expected it to end after 10, 15,20 seconds, | 我们以为地震会在一二十秒内结束的 |
| [09:45] | 克里斯·高德芬格 俄勒冈州立大学 海洋地质学家 | |
| [09:47] | something like that, maybe a minute at the most. | 最多也就一分钟吧 |
| [09:52] | About minute three or four, | 大约三四分钟后 |
| [09:54] | we were just astonished | 我们都十分震惊 |
| [09:55] | that it just kept going and going and going. | 地震没有停下来的意思 |
| [09:58] | What is different about a big | 大地震的特征就是 |
| [10:00] | earthquake is that it begins, but it doesn’t stop. | 它一旦开始就不肯停下来 |
| [10:05] | We were just looking at each other, is this over yet? | 我们都面面相觑 问到 结束了吗 |
| [10:07] | No, it’s not, it’s still going. | 没有 还在继续 |
| [10:14] | It was kind of a growing realisation | 渐渐地我们意识到 |
| [10:15] | that it was just getting bigger and bigger and bigger | 地震越来越大了 |
| [10:18] | and it had to be fairly close. | 像是要永无止尽地震下去 |
| [10:26] | In a nearby park, | 在附近的一个公园 |
| [10:27] | an American tourist found the ground opening up at his feet. | 一个美国旅客发现脚下的地面开始裂开 |
| [10:32] | No-one has ever filmed this happening before. | 之前从来没有人拍摄到这些 |
| [10:36] | The footage reveals a characteristic of earthquakes, | 一段视频再现了地震发生的情形 |
| [10:39] | liquefaction. | 液化现象 |
| [10:41] | As the ground is compressed, | 地面被挤压之后 |
| [10:43] | water is squeezed and forced to the surface. | 地下水被强行挤到了地表 |
| [10:47] | OK, we have earthquake right now, | 好 我们正在遭受地震 |
| [10:51] | and this is actually moving. | 地面还在移动 |
| [10:56] | Can you see the cracks moving? | 你能看到裂缝在伸缩吗 |
| [11:03] | That crack was not there. | 裂缝是刚刚形成的 |
| [11:09] | That crack is getting bigger and smaller,going back and forth, | 裂缝还在不断来回伸缩 |
| [11:13] | and there is water coming up all over | 这会儿公园里 |
| [11:15] | in the park right now. | 到处都有水涌上来 |
| [11:26] | And here is a huge crack, | 这是个巨大的裂缝 |
| [11:30] | and it is still moving, | 它还在移动 |
| [11:36] | It is just going back and forth swaying, | 它不停地左右晃动 |
| [11:41] | it is making me kind of nervous | 我现在有点紧张 |
| [11:43] | This land could just go, potentially, I don’t know. | 不知道这地方是不是要毁了 |
| [11:49] | In the days to come, | 几天之后 |
| [11:51] | scientists would re-grade this quake as a magnitude nine. | 震级被科学家重新划定为九级 |
| [11:59] | The warning systems worked | 预警系统确实有效 |
| [12:01] | and most buildings were still standing. | 大部分建筑也都安然无恙 |
| [12:05] | But even before the quake had finished, | 但在地震结束之前 |
| [12:08] | everyone in Japan knew worse was to come. | 所有日本人都明白更糟糕的事情还未到来 |
| [12:12] | There were only minutes before a tsunami would arrive. | 距离海啸的来临 只有几分钟了 |
| [12:15] | The question now was, how many would escape in time? | 现在的问题是 多少人能及时逃生 |
| [12:30] | On March 11th, 2011, | 2011年3月11日 |
| [12:33] | the billions Tokyo had invested in quake-proof engineering | 事实证明 耗资甚巨的东京抗震预警系统 |
| [12:36] | and early-warning proved their worth. | 是有效的 |
| [12:40] | They saved the city’s structures | 它们拯救了城市的建筑 |
| [12:43] | and its people. | 以及人们的生命 |
| [12:47] | Then, the tsunami struck. | 紧接着 海啸来袭 |
| [13:01] | The tsunami was triggered by | 这次海啸是由 |
| [13:02] | the explosive energy release of the earthquake | 海岸线外100公里处的地震 |
| [13:05] | 100 kilometres off the coast. | 释放的能量导致的 |
| [13:09] | What caused it? | 到底是什么引发了地震 |
| [13:15] | Over centuries, | 几个世纪以来 |
| [13:16] | the Japanese side of the tectonic fault line had been | 日本周围的地壳断层 |
| [13:19] | compressed and dragged downwards | 不断地被太平洋板块 |
| [13:22] | by the Pacific plate, driving beneathly. | 向下挤压和拉拽 |
| [13:27] | The whole upper plate | 整个上层板块 |
| [13:28] | behaves just basically like a Robbo block, | 就像一块隆起的砖头 |
| [13:29] | 克里斯·高德芬格 俄勒冈州立大学 海洋地质学家 | |
| [13:31] | it just compresses like a spring like this. | 就像这样 它被不停地挤压而拱起 |
| [13:33] | And then, when the earthquake happens, | 接着 地震发生 |
| [13:35] | it springs back. | 它又弹回原样 |
| [13:38] | The sudden upward flip of such a huge slab of rock | 上层巨大板块的突然回弹 |
| [13:42] | lifted a six kilometre deep mass of water upwards | 将大量6公里深处的海水 |
| [13:45] | to the surface of the sea. | 向上抬升至海水的表面 |
| [13:50] | As it collapsed back, | 当海水回落 |
| [13:52] | immense waves raced out across the ocean. | 巨大的波浪就扩散到了整个海洋 |
| [13:55] | not like normal sea waves, | 与普通波浪不同的是 |
| [13:57] | more like shockwaves from an explosion. | 它更像是爆炸后的冲击波 |
| [14:01] | Just a metre high, | 只有一米高 |
| [14:02] | but over 100 kilometers from front to back, | 但厚度却有100公里 |
| [14:06] | and travelling at a terrifying speed. | 并且速度十分惊人 |
| [14:16] | The energy heaved up the sea floor, | 能量将海水抬升 |
| [14:19] | that displacing a vast amount of water, that we can see | 就形成了我们看到的巨大波浪 |
| [14:23] | 罗格·比尔汉姆 科罗拉多大学 地震学家 | |
| [14:23] | made its way on land and made its way off around the Pacific. | 然后向太平洋和日本沿岸袭来 |
| [14:33] | One side of the wave hurtled out across the Pacific. | 波浪一方面向着太平洋扩散 |
| [14:38] | The other side raced towards the coast of Japan. | 另一方面冲向了日本海岸 |
| [14:44] | Tsunami travels very fast | 海啸移动地非常快 |
| [14:45] | 科斯塔斯·辛诺拉基斯 南加州大学 海岸工程学家 | |
| [14:46] | and the speed depends on the water deepth, | 它的速度取决于水深 |
| [14:51] | it across in the deep ocean, tsunami travels very fast | 在深海中 海啸移动地非常之快 |
| [14:55] | reaching at times the speed of a jet aircraft. | 差不多是喷气式飞机的速度 |
| [15:00] | At over 800 kilometres per hour, | 每小时800公里左右速度 |
| [15:03] | the wave took just minutes to reach the coast. | 不消几分钟 海浪就到达了海岸 |
| [15:07] | Here, the shallow where | 在浅海处 |
| [15:08] | seafloor slowed down the front of the wave. | 海床减缓了前方海浪的速度 |
| [15:12] | the wave fast moving rear were still racing in, | 但后方的海浪依旧以高速冲来 |
| [15:16] | it began to catch up the front. | 开始赶上前浪 |
| [15:19] | The increasing pressure pushed the sea water up | 渐渐增加的压力让海水上升 |
| [15:23] | into a rising swell. | 形成了上升的海潮 |
| [15:29] | Five kilometres out to sea, | 离海岸5公里的地方 |
| [15:31] | a coastguard crew captured this extraordinary footage. | 一队海岸边防队员拍下了这特殊的场景 |
| [15:39] | The tsunami rearing up | 下方的海域变浅 |
| [15:42] | as the water beneath it grew shallower. | 海啸便应力而升 |
| [15:47] | Then, when they crested the first wave, | 接着 第一个浪尖过去之后 |
| [15:50] | a second loomed behind. | 第二个接踵而至 |
| [15:56] | The swell became a breaking wave, | 后面的海浪不断迭起 |
| [15:59] | as the rear of the wave continues to pile in, | 与前面的海水融为一体 |
| [16:01] | soaking in the sea ahead of it. | 海潮形成了破浪波 |
| [16:05] | The very first thing that seems to have happened | 最开始看上去 |
| [16:06] | is that the sea left the land, | 好像是海水退潮了 |
| [16:09] | and some of the footage we have seen | 在我们看到的一些镜头里 |
| [16:11] | shows the huge shoreline being exposed. | 巨大的海岸裸露出来 |
| [16:14] | And then the tsunami built up offshore, | 然后在海岸外侧形成了海啸 |
| [16:16] | and the dynamics of the wave carried it inland. | 波浪的强劲动力将它带到了内陆 |
| [16:20] | Probably a cubic kilometres of water | 有差不多一立方公里的水 |
| [16:24] | just squashed landward, | 朝陆地方向涌去 |
| [16:27] | and kept going until it ran out of steam. | 不断前行 直到耗尽动力 |
| [16:32] | These remarkable pictures caught the moment when the sea pulled back, | 这些惊人的画面展示了退潮之后 |
| [16:37] | as the first wave roared in. | 第一波海浪呼啸而至的场面 |
| [16:40] | The tsunami had arrived. | 海啸来了 |
| [16:43] | The wave’s effect was strangely unpredictable. | 海浪的破坏力不可预知 |
| [16:47] | At first glance, | 乍看之下 |
| [16:48] | it seems that there was no discernible pattern to where it struck and when. | 它袭击的地点和时间没什么明显的规律性 |
| [16:56] | First, came Ofunato in the north. | 最开始是北部的大船渡市 |
| [17:02] | Then, Sendai, to the south. | 然后向南 到达仙台 |
| [17:08] | And Miyako in the north again. | 接着又到达北边的宫古岛 |
| [17:17] | Measurements from tsunami monitoring stations along the coast | 从海啸监测站获得的沿岸监测数据 |
| [17:20] | were equally puzzling. | 也同样让人困惑 |
| [17:22] | The height of the wave vary dramatically from town to town. | 不同城市的海浪高度具有很大的差异 |
| [17:28] | But why? | 这是为什么呢 |
| [17:31] | The varying depth of the seabed was partly to blame. | 海底深度的不同是一部分原因 |
| [17:34] | Where the water was deeper, the tsunami travelled faster, | 水越深的地方 海啸前进得越快 |
| [17:38] | and reached land more quickly. | 也就越早到达陆地 |
| [17:42] | Another factor is the complex detail of cliffs, | 另一个原因是海岸线上 |
| [17:44] | bays and inlets along the shoreline. | 复杂的峭壁 海湾和水道 |
| [17:51] | It boils down to how the wave is focused and defocused | 这解释了在海岸的地理或地形的影响下 |
| [17:54] | 西蒙·博克尔 南安普顿国家海洋中心 | |
| [17:56] | by the geography or the topography of the coastline itself. | 海浪是如何聚集和分散的 |
| [18:01] | This is Ofunato, | 这就是大船渡市 |
| [18:03] | where the wave hit first. | 海浪最先袭击的地方 |
| [18:05] | The deep water off the coast offered little resistance to the wave. | 外海的深水没能对海浪造成很大的阻力 |
| [18:13] | Tsunami warnings did sound, | 海啸警报确实响起来了 |
| [18:15] | but here, there was little time to get to higher ground. | 但在这里 人们来不急跑到高处 |
| [18:20] | The best early warning system people would have had | 最有用的提前预警系统就是 |
| [18:23] | would have been the fact that there was an earthquake. | 让人们知道发生了地震 |
| [18:25] | And people have got used to the fact that | 而人们也都深知 |
| [18:27] | if you have an earthquake, there is the possibility of a tsunami. | 如果地震发生了 就有可能会引发海啸 |
| [18:30] | They would found that in the time they had, | 但他们随后就发现 在有限的时间里 |
| [18:33] | there was very little time or little opportunity for escape. | 能够逃生的时间很短 或者机会渺茫 |
| [18:38] | The tsunami hit Ofunato | 海啸在地震发生20分钟后 |
| [18:40] | just 20 minutes after the earthquake. | 袭击了大船渡市 |
| [18:44] | Water that hit the coast | 冲击海岸的海水 |
| [18:46] | would be probably 10 billion tons of water, | 大概有一百亿吨 |
| [18:51] | that’s a little bit like taking a million swimming pools, | 就好比清空了一百万个游泳池的水 |
| [18:55] | and emptying them on to the coastal areas of north-east Japan. | 并将它们倒向了日本东北的沿海地区 |
| [19:02] | 15 minutes later, | 十五分钟后 |
| [19:04] | the tsunami hit Sendai, | 海啸袭击了 |
| [19:06] | 116 kilometres south. | 此处向南116公里处的仙台 |
| [19:12] | The area around the city is mostly farmland, | 这座城市周围大部分都是耕地 |
| [19:15] | low-lying, fertile, and flat. | 低洼 肥沃 平坦 |
| [19:20] | That’s why the tsunami barely slowed as it smashed ashore. | 因此 海啸上岸后几乎丝毫没有减速 |
| [19:26] | The flat land was perfect for an airport, too. | 这块平坦的土地也同样适合建造飞机场 |
| [19:30] | It opened just four years ago. | 四年前才刚开放 |
| [19:33] | A kilometre from the coast, | 这座机场位于距离海岸一公里处 |
| [19:35] | it was deluged. | 已经被淹没了 |
| [19:43] | It hits low-lying areas, | 海啸冲击低洼地区 |
| [19:45] | and there is nothing to stop it moving inland, | 没有什么能够阻止它冲向内陆 |
| [19:47] | so it can move inland six or seven kilometres | 所以它能在毫无阻拦的情况下 |
| [19:51] | without being impeded. | 到达内陆六七公里的地方 |
| [19:54] | There was not much to slow it down, | 没有什么东西能让它慢下来 |
| [19:56] | and because the wave of the tsunami was so big, | 而且因为海啸波非常巨大 |
| [20:00] | it is not going to stop | 所以除非遇到什么东西 |
| [20:01] | unless it reaches something, | 像是高地之类的 |
| [20:04] | reaches some sort of high ground. | 才会停下来 |
| [20:06] | It will just keep on coming. | 否则它会继续前进 |
| [20:25] | Next to be hit was the Miyako coast, | 接下来 海啸又袭击了 |
| [20:28] | 180 kilometres back to the north. | 此处以北180公里处的宫古岛 |
| [20:32] | What happened here highlights another mystery. | 发生在这里的事情造就了另一个谜 |
| [20:35] | The area had good tsunami defences. | 这个地方有非常好的海啸防御工事 |
| [20:38] | The residents were prepared. | 居民们做了充足的准备 |
| [20:40] | They should have been safe. | 他们本应该是安全的 |
| [20:43] | The last time a tsunami hit here was | 这个地方上一次遭遇海啸[智利海啸] |
| [20:45] | half-a-century ago. | 是半个世纪以前的事了 |
| [20:49] | In the aftermath of that tsunami, | 在那次海啸之后 |
| [20:51] | they built these 10-metre high seawalls. | 他们建造了这些十米高的海堤 |
| [20:55] | Far higher than anyone thought they would need. | 比他们预计需要的高度要高得多 |
| [21:00] | Tsunami drills became a regular feature of life. | 海啸演习在当地也是司空见惯的事情 |
| [21:04] | Everyone knew what to do when the sirens sounded. | 每个人都知道警报响起来的时候该做什么 |
| [21:09] | On March 11th, all along the coast, | 3月11日 在整个海岸沿线上 |
| [21:12] | the sirens did sound, | 警报确实响起来了 |
| [21:14] | this time for real. | 这次是动真格的 |
| [21:15] | Go to the hill. | 去山上 |
| [21:18] | A tsunami was coming, | 海啸要来了 |
| [21:20] | this was not a drill. | 这次不是演习 |
| [21:23] | Do you hear the sirens? | 听到警报了吗 |
| [21:26] | There’s a hill outside of town which we’re going to try to get to. | 城外有一座小山 我们正要去那里 |
| [21:35] | It was a precautionary measure, | 这是一项防范措施 |
| [21:37] | but, I mean, you never know. | 但谁知道有用没有呢 |
| [21:39] | This town has a lot of history of tsunamis | 这座城市经历过多次海啸 |
| [21:41] | and a lot of death from it. | 很多人因此丧生 |
| [21:42] | So they’re taking it pretty seriously, obviously. | 所以显然他们很重视这件事 |
| [21:48] | The warning saved the lives of some. | 警报救了一些人的命 |
| [21:53] | This footage captures the moments after the siren sounded. | 这些镜头记录了警报响起后的情形 |
| [21:57] | There comes. | 来了 |
| [22:15] | The tsunamis breached the coastal defences. | 海啸破坏了海防工事 |
| [22:19] | Miyako’s high walls proved useless. | 宫古岛这些高高的海堤没起到什么作用 |
| [22:43] | Countless people died here. | 无数人在这里遇难 |
| [22:50] | The tsunami was 10 metres high. | 海啸有十米高 |
| [22:54] | Why did their 10-metre-high walls | 那为什么他们的十米高的海堤 |
| [22:57] | fail to stop it? | 没能阻挡海啸 |
| [23:03] | With thousands of sensors along the coastline, | 通过研究海岸线上成千上万的传感器的数据 |
| [23:06] | the scientists already have part of the answer. | 科学家们已经知道了部分答案 |
| [23:11] | The fact that the shoreline has actually subsided | 实际上 海岸线下降 |
| [23:14] | means that the sea had plenty of space to go. | 给海水的运动提供了足够的空间 |
| [23:17] | And it basically filled up | 它基本上填补了 |
| [23:20] | the empty space left by the sinking. | 陆地下沉造成的空隙 |
| [23:24] | Several villages have just been completely ruined, | 很多村庄都被完全摧毁 |
| [23:26] | with no survivors. | 没有一个幸存者 |
| [23:28] | And the human death toll will be up in the tens of thousands | 等最终统计数字出来的时候 |
| [23:32] | when the final count is in. | 死亡人数预计会上万 |
| [23:36] | The data from the censors had revealed something incredible. | 监测数据揭示出惊人事实 |
| [23:40] | The earthquake had caused the whole coastline to drop by up to a metre, | 地震导致整条海岸线下沉一米 |
| [23:45] | lowering Miyako’s walls, | 岩手县宫古市的防洪堤随之下陷 |
| [23:47] | making the tsunami much worse. | 海啸变得更加放肆 |
| [23:55] | All along the coast, | 海岸下沉 |
| [23:57] | subsidence put towns in danger. | 使得沿岸的城镇陷入危机 |
| [24:06] | You’ve got the tsunami wave coming in | 海啸奔袭而来 |
| [24:09] | on top of what would be | 由于产生了两米的地势差 |
| [24:11] | essentially a 2 metre higher vacuum | 海水直灌进来 |
| [24:15] | of subsided land, as it sweeps in. | 根本拦不住 |
| [24:17] | And there’s no much to stop it until it hits higher ground somewhere. | 只有等浪头撞到更高的地方才能停下来 |
| [24:23] | But most at risk | 但险情最严重的 |
| [24:24] | was the shutdown nuclear power plant at Fukushima. | 还是已经关停的福岛核电站 |
| [24:29] | It had survived the earthquake, | 虽然在地震中幸免于难 |
| [24:32] | and here, too, there was a 5.6 metre defence wall. | 这里也有5.6米高的防洪堤 |
| [24:36] | But now, it had sunk over half a metre. | 但现在下沉了半米多 |
| [24:40] | 40 minutes after the quake, | 地震发生四十分钟后 |
| [24:42] | the wave smashed over the wall, | 海水冲毁防洪堤 |
| [24:44] | and flooded the diesel generators that were cooling the reactor cores. | 淹没了冷却堆芯的柴油发电机房 |
| [24:49] | Back-up batteries kicked in, | 备用电池立即启动 |
| [24:51] | battery’s with just an eight-hour charge. | 但电量只够支持八小时 |
| [24:59] | With thousands already confirmed dead, | 已有数千人确认死亡 |
| [25:04] | and now the threat of a nuclear disaster, | 此刻又面临着核灾难威胁 |
| [25:08] | Japan was in crisis. | 日本陷入危机 |
| [25:25] | At 2:46 on Friday 11th March, | 3月11日 星期五 下午2点46分 |
| [25:28] | Japan experienced its most powerful earthquake for 1,000 years. | 日本经历了一千年来最强地震 |
| [25:35] | A magnitude-9 earthquake shattered the land. | 里氏9级的强震震碎了大地 |
| [25:43] | Then a huge tsunami engulfed it. | 紧接着巨大的海啸席卷而来 |
| [25:57] | Overnight, fires raged across a sea-flooded wasteland. | 一夜之间 海水浸没的废墟火光肆虐 |
| [26:02] | Oil from factories and gas from ruptured lines | 工厂和管道漏出的燃油燃气 |
| [26:06] | set hundreds of square kilometres of debris ablaze. | 引起数百平方公里的大火 |
| [26:11] | In Tokyo, the train system was paralysed. | 在东京 地铁瘫痪 |
| [26:16] | Millions bedded down in offices | 数百万民众在办公室避难 |
| [26:19] | and waited for dawn. | 等待黎明的到来 |
| [26:21] | Meanwhile, the tsunami wave was still spreading across the ocean | 同时 海啸以800公里的时速 |
| [26:25] | at 800 kilometres an hour. | 横穿太平洋 |
| [26:28] | Countries all around the Pacific rim were watching the situation nervously. | 周边国家紧张地关注着事态的发展 |
| [26:32] | In Hawaii, the Tsunami Warning Centre was on full alert. | 夏威夷 海啸预警中心全面戒备 |
| [26:37] | Very quickly, we realised that this was, | 我们很快认识到 |
| [26:38] | 杰勒德·弗雷耶 太平洋海啸预警中心 地球物理学家 | |
| [26:41] | this was basically the first big ocean-crossing tsunami | 这是四十年来第一次 |
| [26:45] | that had happened in 40 years. | 跨洋海啸 |
| [26:51] | Frantically, they were trying to work out | 慌乱之中 他们试图测算出 |
| [26:53] | when and where the wave would strike next. | 下一波海啸会于何时何地发生 |
| [26:57] | At that point, we went to a Pacific-wide warning, | 那时 我们拉响环太平洋海域警报 |
| [27:00] | which means another message, | 当然这是另一次警报 |
| [27:01] | and now lots and lots of phone calls. | 要拨打数不清的电话 |
| [27:05] | State Warning Point, this is the Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre. | 国家预警站 这里是太平洋海啸预警中心 |
| [27:08] | Hawaii issued an evacuation alert. | 夏威夷发布了疏散警报 |
| [27:11] | People headed to higher ground. | 人们撤往地势高的地方 |
| [27:14] | The wave that hit was one-metre high. | 夏威夷浪高足有一米 |
| [27:17] | It caused damage, but thankfully, the distance had weakened the wave. | 所幸距离较远 海浪的破坏力被大大削弱了 |
| [27:23] | This time, | 这一次 |
| [27:24] | no lives were lost. | 没有人员伤亡 |
| [27:29] | With the wave now fading, | 随着潮水退去 |
| [27:31] | countries around the Pacific downgraded their alerts. | 太平洋周边国家降低了戒备级别 |
| [27:35] | But Japan awoke to a nightmare. | 而唤醒日本的却是恶梦 |
| [27:40] | Different parts of the shoreline had suffered different effects. | 沿海地区遭到不同程度的破坏 |
| [27:45] | Channel 4 journalist Callum McRae set off along the Japanese coast | 四频道记者卡勒姆·麦克雷走访日本沿海 |
| [27:49] | to compare the levels of destruction | 比较各地遭受破坏的不同程度 |
| [27:52] | and discover how far reaching the damage of the tsunami was. | 以及海啸波及的广度 |
| [28:04] | He was the first journalist | 他是第一位来到 |
| [28:06] | to reach the isolated mountain community of Kahoku. | 偏僻山区石川县河北市的记者 |
| [28:20] | We are up in the mountains | 我们现在正在山里 |
| [28:20] | 卡勒姆·麦克雷 记者兼制片人 | |
| [28:22] | 8 kms from the coast, | 距离海岸8公里的地方 |
| [28:24] | and what has happened here is that | 在这里 |
| [28:25] | the tsunami has created a huge surge | 海啸的巨浪 |
| [28:28] | which has climbed all the way up the river | 沿河攀爬上来 |
| [28:31] | and then flooded here. | 淹没至此 |
| [28:34] | Amazingly, this lake of seawater | 令人称奇的是 这个咸水湖 |
| [28:37] | is over 100 metres above sea level. | 比海平面高出一百米 |
| [29:38] | The locals here fear that as the waters recede, | 这里的居民担心 洪水退去后 |
| [29:41] | it will expose bodies swept all the way up from the coast. | 会浮出从海岸冲刷过来的尸体 |
| [29:48] | Travelling north, | 一路向北 |
| [29:49] | at first, the town of Ofunato seemed untouched. | 岩手县大船渡市第一眼看上去未受影响 |
| [29:53] | Look over there, those houses look undamaged. | 看前面 那些房子好像一点没事 |
| [29:56] | They have got power and everything here, | 还有电 什么都好着 |
| [29:59] | it is just so strange. | 太奇怪了 |
| [30:03] | Closer to shore, | 靠近海边 |
| [30:04] | it was a different story. | 又是另一番情景 |
| [30:13] | And, as if Ofunato didn’t have enough problems, | 大船渡市看起来情况并不严重 |
| [30:15] | scientists reckon that this whole area, | 科学家们估计这整片地区 |
| [30:17] | this region, has subsided well over a metre, | 下降了一米多 |
| [30:21] | and in the next couple of days, | 并且接下来的几天 |
| [30:22] | the region is also expecting the highest tides of the year. | 将迎来今年最高浪潮 |
| [30:43] | The sea is some 500 metres down there | 大海在五百米之外 |
| [30:45] | and yet up here, we have this. | 但这里的景象 |
| [30:49] | It is a remarkable sight by any standards, a huge tug | 称得上触目惊心 |
| [30:52] | that has been brought all the way up here by the tsunami. | 一艘巨型拖船 被海啸一路卷过来 |
| [30:55] | And what is even more remarkable about it | 更加令人震惊的 |
| [30:59] | is that what it says about the size of the tsunami, | 是从它可以看出海啸有多厉害 |
| [31:02] | because the Japan Meteorological Centre have just produced provisional estimates | 日本气象中心刚作出初步估算 |
| [31:06] | saying that the tsunami that hit this region was | 说袭击这里的海啸 |
| [31:09] | about three-and-a-half metres high. | 约有3.5米高 |
| [31:11] | And now, we are 7-8 metres above sea level here | 可这地方高出海平面有七八米 |
| [31:14] | and even given the surge, the fact that it could bring that all the way up here | 就算浪再大 能把拖船卷到这里 |
| [31:18] | does suggest that the tsunami here | 已足以说明此地的海啸 |
| [31:21] | was a lot higher than three-and-a-half metres. | 远比3.5米要高 |
| [31:24] | Even amidst such chaos, this seems strange. | 即使在如此的混乱之中 这景象也匪夷所思 |
| [31:28] | Boats, trucks and cars were dumped on top of buildings, | 轮船 卡车 轿车被卷上屋顶 |
| [31:33] | much higher than the recorded height of the wave. | 比记录的浪高更甚 |
| [31:36] | That happens because as the water is pushing through restricted areas | 这是因为海水挤过狭小的空间 |
| [31:36] | 西蒙·博克尔 南安普敦国家海洋中心 | |
| [31:39] | like streets and towns, | 如街道和城镇 |
| [31:42] | it is being effectively funnelled. | 实际形成漏斗形 |
| [31:44] | And the water has got to go somewhere, | 海水总要泻出 |
| [31:46] | and so it goes up | 于是冲向高空 |
| [31:47] | as it is squeezed and funnelled, | 随着海啸的涌入 压力不断增大 |
| [31:49] | and pushes material, pushes cars on to roofs. | 足以将汽车或是其他东西推上屋顶 |
| [31:53] | Sometimes as high as 50 feet. | 其高度可达50英尺[15米] |
| [31:55] | So in areas, the impact of this will be even greater, | 在某些地区 尤其是狭窄的街道 |
| [31:59] | particularly in narrow streets. | 这种冲击更加强烈 |
| [32:02] | Once the wave starts to pick up | 海啸登陆的时候 会卷起 |
| [32:03] | 克里斯·高德芬格 俄勒冈州立大学 海洋地质学家 | |
| [32:04] | part of the town, the warehouses along the dock, the debris and all that, | 一些建筑 码头沿岸的仓库 垃圾和碎片 |
| [32:08] | then it becomes more like a glacier. | 变得像冰川一样 |
| [32:10] | You know, it’s a moving wall of debris. | 夹杂着碎片不断向前移动 |
| [32:13] | And the more mess it has, | 随着杂物的增加 |
| [32:14] | the more power it has as it comes in, | 海啸的毁灭性也就越大 |
| [32:18] | It doesn’t really look like water beyond some point, | 就某些角度而言 海啸不单单是水 |
| [32:21] | it looks like the entire town is flowing in, and it is. | 其实更像整个小镇都在流动 |
| [32:24] | So all the mass of the buildings, cars, refrigerators | 各种建筑 汽车 冰箱 |
| [32:27] | and everything is in that wall, | 及其他物品的碎片都在这堵墙里面 |
| [32:29] | it is essentially a debris glacier at that point, | 本质上讲 它的构成更像冰川 |
| [32:32] | and it just keeps coming in. | 持续地涌过来 |
| [32:38] | This is Minami Sanriku, | 这里是宫城县南三陆町 |
| [32:40] | a town that was wiped off the map. | 一个已经从地图上消失的小镇 |
| [32:48] | 95% of the buildings destroyed. | 95%的建筑被摧毁 |
| [32:57] | Over 10,000 people, half the population, missing. | 有一万人 将近一半的人口失踪 |
| [33:12] | This place, Minami Sanriku, | 这里是宫城县南三陆町 |
| [33:14] | probably symbolises the tragedy more than anywhere. | 也是本次海啸受灾最严重的地区 |
| [33:18] | An entire town wiped out by the force of nature. | 全城被海啸夷为平地 |
| [33:34] | It is almost difficult to imagine one’s thoughts | 很难想象一个人看着海啸 |
| [33:37] | as one sees this coming towards you. | 向他袭来是什么感受 |
| [33:39] | And as it hits the coast, it is then picking up all the debris, | 海浪撞击着海岸 卷起所有碎片残骸 |
| [33:43] | it is picking up buildings, cars and things. | 卷入了建筑 汽车等等的一切 |
| [33:45] | And you then find out it’s some sort of | 然后看到它就像是 |
| [33:47] | really quite horrfic mess | 一股骇人的洪流 |
| [33:50] | moving through towns, villages, across fields, | 涌过城镇 村庄 蔓延在田野上 |
| [33:53] | causing complete destruction. | 所经之处 无一幸免 |
| [33:56] | I mean, it would be bad enough if it was only water, | 单纯的海水就足以造成极大的破坏 |
| [33:58] | but because it is full of cars and you can’t | 但海啸中还夹杂着汽车之类的残骸 |
| [34:01] | you can’t swim against it or flow with it or do anything, | 所以受难者无法逆流或者顺流逃生 |
| [34:04] | you’re just in a, like in front of a bulldozer, | 只能像被一台推土机推着一样 |
| [34:08] | moving the entire town. | 滚过整个小镇 |
| [34:15] | It’s funny that when you hear that sound | 每当听到救护车的警笛 人们心里就会 |
| [34:17] | of an ambulance, | 泛起一种矛盾的感觉 |
| [34:19] | it kind of actually gives you hope that they may have found someone alive. | 这也许表明救援队发现了生还者 |
| [34:23] | Although that must be happening fewer and fewer times. | 但随着时间的流逝 这种可能越来越小 |
| [34:28] | Anyone who did survive and was trapped, | 即便是侥幸存活下来的被困灾民 |
| [34:31] | would have almost certainly have died of hypothermia by now. | 到现在也会因为体温过低而丧生 |
| [34:38] | At the town of Rikuzen Takata, | 在一个名叫陆前高田的小镇 |
| [34:41] | rescue workers hunt for survivors, | 救援人员正在寻找幸存者 |
| [34:45] | and discover the dead. | 发掘罹难者 |
| [34:48] | When they find a body, | 每发现一具遗体 |
| [34:50] | they put a large stick in the ground with a flag attached to it | 他们会插一根标杆 |
| [34:53] | so that it can be recovered later. | 以便随后挖掘 |
| [34:56] | It is a really gruesome and sad task. | 这真是一项可怖而又悲伤的工作 |
| [35:09] | In fact, they’re not just collecting bodies, | 事实上 他们并不仅仅收集遗体 |
| [35:10] | they are also collecting personal momentos as well as they find. | 还收集那些找到的个人物品 |
| [35:15] | And like this. | 就像这个 |
| [35:39] | I’m afraid what we have here is, | 我估计这里可能还会有 |
| [35:42] | more bodies, waiting to be taken away. | 更多的遗体等待运走 |
| [35:53] | Even now, the tsunami was not finished with Japan. | 直至现在 海啸对日本的影响还没有结束 |
| [35:57] | Back at the Fukushima power plant, | 在福岛核电站 |
| [35:59] | what started as a failed generator | 三号发电机组熔毁已发展成为 |
| [36:02] | was fast becoming the biggest nuclear crisis since Chernobyl. | 切尔诺贝利之后最严重的核危机 |
| [36:06] | We will keep the windows closed, and I’ll put on a mask | 我们在沿途关紧车窗 带上防护口罩 |
| [36:16] | Scientists have already gathered more data from Japan’s earthquake and tsunami | 科学家们从本次日本地震及海啸中 |
| [36:21] | than from any other disaster in history. | 搜集到的数据远比史上其他灾难的要多 |
| [36:25] | As Professor Roger Bilham | 等罗格·比尔汉姆教授 |
| [36:27] | returns to Tokyo form his area survy, | 结束实地考察返回东京时 |
| [36:29] | the city’s full ability become autoclear. | 这座城市已经恢复了正常的生活 |
| [36:32] | There are 30 million people within about two metres of sea level. | 有三千多万人生活在海拔不足两米的区域 |
| [36:36] | 罗格·比尔汉姆 科罗拉多大学 地震学家 | |
| [36:37] | And a tsunami here of couse will be absolutely devastated. | 如果发生海啸 损失无法估量 |
| [36:41] | Suddenly, a problem. | 就在说话间 出现了一个状况 |
| [36:43] | We have a big earthqueak just now, so… | 刚刚又发生了一场地震 |
| [36:45] | – Really? -Yeah. | -真的 -是 |
| [36:48] | We have just learned from the ground that | 我们刚从地面得知 |
| [36:50] | there was an earthquake that damaged the heliport. | 一场地震损坏了直升机机场 |
| [36:52] | They’re checking the damage right now. | 他们正在检查损坏情况 |
| [36:54] | We don’t know how big the earthquake was, | 地震震级尚不明确 |
| [36:56] | but it was obviously a very nearby aftershock. | 但很明显这是一场浅层余震 |
| [37:01] | A massive aftershock has hit Tokyo | 一场强烈的余震袭击了东京 |
| [37:03] | magnitude 6.2. | 震级为6.2级 |
| [37:08] | In the week that followed the main quake, | 主震之后的一个星期内 |
| [37:09] | there were over 500 after shocks along the fold, | 地质褶皱区发生了超过500多次余震 |
| [37:14] | This is the actual data from seismometers around Japan. | 这是日本地震仪得出的实际数据 |
| [37:20] | The larger the circle, | 圆环越大 |
| [37:22] | the bigger the aftershock. | 其所代表的震级就越高 |
| [37:25] | The shaking is now stopped | 震感现在已经消失了 |
| [37:27] | for I will just continue watching. | 我会继续观察 |
| [37:30] | Finally, Bilham’s helicopter is given the all-clear to land | 比尔汉姆教授的飞机终于获许降落了 |
| [37:35] | Even at the heliport in Tokyo, | 即使在东京的直升机机场 |
| [37:38] | the damage is plain to see. | 损坏也是显而易见的 |
| [37:41] | I notice that the tarmac here, | 我注意到了这里的沥青路面 |
| [37:43] | which should be beautifully dark everywhere, | 原本应该是纯黑色 |
| [37:45] | is in fact stained white in the places you can see. | 事实上却褪成了白色 |
| [37:47] | In fact sand has come out of this crack | 沙子从这条裂缝里面涌出 |
| [37:49] | there’s another one over there and another one over there. | 那边有一堆 那边也有 |
| [37:51] | We’re very close to the shore line | 我们现在接近海岸线 |
| [37:53] | and the lurching motion of the ground during the earthquake | 地震时地面的晃动 |
| [37:56] | has caused the sub-surface liquefied sands | 导致地表下的液态沙 |
| [38:00] | to come belching out on the top. | 涌出地表 |
| [38:03] | Precisely the same phenomenon, liquefaction, | 比尔汉姆教授所说的液化现象 |
| [38:05] | was filmed during the earthquake. | 也在地震中被灾民拍摄了下来 |
| [38:10] | And over here, is an old mud volcano. | 这边有一个之前的泥火山 |
| [38:14] | It’s about three days old. | 大概形成于三天前 |
| [38:18] | So you can see how the mud came pouring out over the top there. | 不难看出 泥土是怎样从顶端喷涌出来的 |
| [38:21] | So we are 200 miles from the epicentre here. | 我们现在离震源200英里 |
| [38:23] | and here’s a crack in the heliport landing area | 在直升机机场着陆区有一条地裂缝 |
| [38:28] | It continues all the way along here | 一直延伸到这里 |
| [38:30] | and you can actually see down about three feet in places. | 一直往下延伸了几英尺的位置 |
| [38:33] | It splits into two here, this goes over here. | 地裂缝在此处分岔出两条 这条延伸到边 |
| [38:35] | You can see an offset | 这里可以看到一条裂缝的分支 |
| [38:38] | in this trim around the tarmac. | 环绕到了路面的另一侧 |
| [38:45] | As the earth’s crust shattered during the main quake | 地壳随着主震而破裂 |
| [38:48] | new stresses spread along the fold. | 对地质褶皱产生了新的压力 |
| [38:51] | Relieve the pressure in one place | 压力在一处释放 |
| [38:53] | and it builds up elsewhere triggering aftershocks. | 在另一处便会增强 从而触发了余震 |
| [38:57] | What you’re seeing here is | 我们现在看到的是 |
| [38:58] | 汤姆·乔顿 南加州地震中心主管 | |
| [38:59] | how those aftershocks happened | 主震一周后 |
| [39:01] | over a period of about a week after the main shock. | 余震发生的情况 |
| [39:03] | And that orange region delineated by those orange dots | 橙色的点描绘出的橙色区域 |
| [39:06] | essentially gives you a feeling for the area of | 给人一种感觉 |
| [39:11] | the fold along the plate boundary | 地壳板块边缘的地质褶皱 |
| [39:13] | that ruptured in this event. | 在这次地震中破裂了 |
| [39:16] | Every aftershock takes its toll | 每一次余震 |
| [39:18] | on an already frightened population. | 都使惊魂未定的人们损失惨重 |
| [39:32] | Journalist Callum McRae has | 卡勒姆·麦克雷记者 |
| [39:33] | been moved by the plight of the people here. | 被这里人民的困境深深地打动了 |
| [39:37] | In the regional capital of Sendai, | 在首府仙台 |
| [39:40] | the temporary shelters are full. | 临时避难所人满为患 |
| [40:02] | But in a darkened, ravaged city, | 然而在这个夜幕笼罩 满目疮痍的城市里 |
| [40:05] | it seems one person at least is trying to cling to normality. | 似乎仍然有人在试图继续正常生活 |
| [40:11] | We’re in Sendai, 300-400 metres from the shorefront, | 我们现在在仙台 距海岸三四百米 |
| [40:12] | 卡勒姆·麦克雷 记者兼制片人 | |
| [40:15] | in a scene of apocalyptic chaos. | 这里一片断壁残垣 |
| [40:18] | It’s cold, it’s dark, there’s no power anywhere, | 这里又冷又黑 还断电 |
| [40:23] | and yet up there, in that abandoned block of flats, | 然而 在那栋被遗弃公寓楼的楼顶 |
| [40:27] | on the top floor, there’s one light. | 我们可以看到有灯光 |
| [40:29] | One man, one family perhaps, | 有个人 或许是个家庭 |
| [40:31] | trying to survive in this chaos. | 努力想在这废墟中生存下去 |
| [40:42] | The following day on the road back to Tokyo. | 第二天在我们回东京的途中 |
| [40:46] | The arterial road that connects the north and south is empty. | 贯通南北两区的主干道上空无一人 |
| [40:53] | A reminder of the damage this disaster has done | 这足以说明灾难造成的严重破坏 |
| [40:57] | and is still doing. | 而破坏仍在继续 |
| [41:04] | This is already one of the worst | 即使它现在就恢复正常运行 |
| [41:06] | nuclear accidents in history, if it stops right now. | 这已经是历史上最严重的核事故之一了 |
| [41:09] | And we’re dealing with multiple meltdown possibilities… | 我们面临着多个反应堆芯熔毁的可能性 |
| [41:12] | Two radioactive substances, cesium and iodine, | 星期六在核电站的一号核反应堆周围 |
| [41:15] | were detected near the number one reactor | 检测到两种放射性物质 |
| [41:17] | at the plant Saturday… | 铯和碘 |
| [41:19] | The Fukushima nuclear base is about 60k that way. | 福岛核基地就在那边大约60公里 |
| [41:24] | That’s about 39 miles or so I think. | 应该是39英里左右 |
| [41:27] | And, you know, we’ve go the windows closed, | 你也看到了 我们的车窗紧闭 |
| [41:31] | we’re driving fast. | 车速也相当快 |
| [41:32] | And, who knows whether it’s safe? | 天知道这里是否安全 |
| [41:35] | The advice is very conflicting. | 关于安全距离的意见颇为矛盾 |
| [41:37] | The American Government says that | 美国政府声明 |
| [41:38] | an exclusion zone of 80 kilometres | 隔离区应为80公里 |
| [41:42] | and of course we’re well within that. | 当然照这么说 我们就在隔离区之内 |
| [41:45] | On the other hand the Japanese government say | 而日本政府则声明 |
| [41:46] | it’s fine as as long as you’re more that 30 kilometres away. | 只要身处30公里之外就是安全的 |
| [41:49] | So I mean who can tell, nobody knows. | 所以呢 我们怎么知道该听从谁的 |
| [41:52] | But we’ll keep the windows closed | 不过我们会关紧车窗 |
| [41:55] | and I’ll put on a mask. | 我还要戴上口罩 |
| [42:00] | Mask. Looks good, uh? | 口罩 帅吧 |
| [42:05] | The danger posed by the Fukushima plant remains unresolved. | 福岛核电站所造成的威胁仍未消除 |
| [42:10] | Meanwhile scientists have started to analyse | 与此同时 科学家们已着手分析 |
| [42:13] | the startling number of aftershocks | 这数量惊人的余震 |
| [42:14] | that are still rattling Japan. | 这些余震一次次地使日本陷入惊慌 |
| [42:17] | That main shock was followed hundreds of magnitude fives | 主震发生后是数百场5级余震 |
| [42:22] | and dozens of magnitude six earthquakes, | 数十场6级余震 |
| [42:24] | and a handful of magnitude sevens. | 以及几场7级余震 |
| [42:27] | Once you had a pattern of an earthquake happening, | 一旦出现一次地震发生后 |
| [42:30] | followed by a bigger one, | 还有更大的地震这种情况 |
| [42:31] | you never know if it’s going to happen again. | 你永远不会知道这些是否还会出现 |
| [42:35] | Japan’s earthquake warning system did | 日本的地震预警系统确实挽救不少生命 |
| [42:38] | and will save lives. | 以后也会如此 |
| [42:40] | And the Hawaii tsunami warning system | 另外夏威夷海啸预警系统 |
| [42:42] | also saved thousands. | 同样也救了无数条人命 |
| [42:47] | As the tsunami crossed the ocean, | 在海啸穿越大洋的同时 |
| [42:49] | the warning centre monitored it all the way. | 预警中心一直在监控其动态 |
| [42:54] | Here it is. Here. | 就这里 这里 |
| [42:58] | We couldn’t let our guard down | 我们必须时刻保持警觉 |
| [43:00] | 杰勒德·弗雷耶 太平洋海啸预警中心 地球物理学家 | |
| [43:02] | because of course the tsunami has continued on | 因为海啸仍未结束 |
| [43:04] | and we have a continuing responsibility | 我们必须继续对 |
| [43:07] | to the rest of the Pacific. | 太平洋沿岸其他区域的安全负责 |
| [43:08] | Even though the tsunami lost | 虽然海啸在其穿越大洋的过程中 |
| [43:10] | most of its energy as it crossed the ocean, | 已消耗了大部分能量 |
| [43:12] | the scientists had been able to warn the world. | 但科学家们仍然向整个世界发出了警告 |
| [43:15] | As the tsunami spread across the ocean | 海啸穿越整个大洋 |
| [43:18] | at location after location, we realised, oh, | 袭击到各个地方之后 我们意识到 |
| [43:20] | that our predictions are pretty darn good. | 我们的预测还挺准确的 |
| [43:23] | Because people were warned, | 由于人们事先得到警告 |
| [43:24] | there was very little destruction or damage, | 所以海啸对人们生命安全的影响 |
| [43:24] | 西蒙·博克尔 南安普顿国家海洋中心 | |
| [43:28] | certainly to human life. | 大大减小了 |
| [43:29] | One person did lose their life… their life in California, | 在加州的新月海滩北部 |
| [43:32] | north of Crescent Bay, | 有一人遇难 |
| [43:35] | because they rushed down to the beach | 因为当海啸来的时候 |
| [43:36] | to take photos of the tsunami as it came in. | 他们冲到沙滩上去拍海啸的照片 |
| [43:41] | In Japan, the humanitarian disaster continues. | 在日本 人道主义灾难仍在继续 |
| [43:45] | Estimates put the death toll | 这次地震及海啸的死亡人数 |
| [43:47] | from the quake and tsunami at over 20,000. | 预计超过两万人 |
| [43:52] | Rebuilding will take generations. | 灾后重建工作需要数十年 |
| [43:56] | For scientists, the analysis continues. | 科学家们则在继续进行分析工作 |
| [44:00] | From all the data they have acquired | 从所有采集所得的数据来看 |
| [44:01] | one threat is still very clear. | 有一个威胁始终挥之不去 |
| [44:06] | Experts have warned of | 数年来专家们一直发出警告说 |
| [44:07] | a large quake and tsunami off the coast near Tokyo for years. | 东京附近的海岸会发生一次大地震和海啸 |
| [44:11] | The fault lines under the ocean | 位于大洋下延伸至东京南部的断层线 |
| [44:13] | to the south of Tokyo are dangerously stressed. | 受到了巨大的压力 可谓一枚定时炸弹 |
| [44:16] | But this time the earthquake happened in the north. | 但这次的地震却发生在北部 |
| [44:20] | What’s been expected is the slip of the Philippine plate | 我们原先预料的是菲律宾板块 |
| [44:23] | relative to the north, the Eurasian plate. | 相对于欧亚板块向北移动 |
| [44:26] | What has actually occurred is | 然而事实却是 |
| [44:28] | the slip of the Pacific plate relative to the Eurasian plate. | 太平洋板块相对于欧亚板块移动 |
| [44:32] | Sometimes a great earthquake will | 有时候大地震会 |
| [44:34] | cause the next patch of the plate boundary to slip. | 引起板块边界接缝处的滑动 |
| [44:38] | So all eyes are on what’s happening, | 因此所有人的目光都集中在其后续影响 |
| [44:41] | how this earthquake has stressed | 关注着这次地震会对板块边界的四周 |
| [44:42] | the neighbouring part of the plate boundary. | 造成什么样的压力 |
| [44:46] | You’ve got to understand this whole region is | 你要明白 这整片区域 |
| [44:49] | in a very high state of stress and is ready to go | 都处于高度受压状态 处于爆发状态 |
| [44:52] | and they’ve been expected to go at any minute. | 随时可能一触即发 |
| [44:54] | So this recent earthquake is going to have brought that closer, | 而这次的地震将其拉得更近了 |
| [44:58] | the question is how much closer? | 问题是究竟近了多少 |
| [45:00] | When an earthquake like this happens, | 像这样的地震发生后 |
| [45:01] | it basically… | 基本上… |
| [45:02] | All of the stress that it relieves in the earth’s crust | 它在地壳里释放的所有压力 |
| [45:06] | essentially gets transferred somewhere else, | 实质上会转移到别的地方 |
| [45:08] | it doesn’t go away. | 而不会消失 |
| [45:09] | It actually adds loading to other parts of the crust. | 它实际上会增加其它地壳板块的负荷 |
| [45:12] | The densest areas of population survived largely unscathed. | 人口最为密集的地区基本上算是安然无恙 |
| [45:17] | Next time could be different. | 但下一次可能就不会这么幸运 |
| [45:19] | One area of extreme concern is Tokyo, | 最令人担忧的地区便是东京 |
| [45:22] | the world’s largest city. | 这个世界上最大的城市 |
| [45:24] | There could be a major event in Tokyo | 东京可能会发生重大灾难 |
| [45:27] | that would be extremely damaging | 以至于会完全摧毁掉 |
| [45:28] | to this very densely populated region. | 这片人口密集地区 |
| [45:31] | If you were to choose somewhere to | 假如让你选择地方来建立 |
| [45:32] | put one of the major industrial economies on the planet, | 世界上主要的工业经济国家之一的话 |
| [45:36] | that part of the Pacific rim is not the part you would choose. | 环太平洋地区的那片陆地绝非理想之地 |
| [45:39] | It could be happening as we speak | 可能在我说话间会发生了 |
| [45:41] | or it might not happen for a decade. | 也可能十年内都不会发生 |
| [45:43] | The critical thing is, | 关键之处在于 |
| [45:44] | has this particular earthquake shaken that region up | 这次大地震是否动摇了那片区域 |
| [45:46] | so that it brings forward the timing of that earthquake? | 是否会导致那场大地震提前发生 |
| [45:49] | It’s foolish to think that we can stop | 若你认为我们能够阻止自然灾害的话 |
| [45:51] | a natural phenomenon. | 那就大错特错了 |
| [45:52] | What we have got to do is to learn to live with them | 我们要做的就是学会接纳它们 |
| [45:56] | and minimise the consequences when they happen | 并且将灾难后果降到最小 |
| [46:00] | and minimise also the recovery time. | 将恢复期缩到最短 |
| [46:03] | It’s very difficult for science | 依靠科学来保护人们 |
| [46:05] | to protect against earthquakes and tsunamis. | 免遭地震和海啸的伤害是极其困难的 |
| [46:08] | What science can do is help town planners and engineers | 科学能做的是帮助城市规划者和工程师 |
| [46:11] | to make buildings stronger. | 建造更为坚固的建筑物 |
| [46:13] | To make designs of buildings and cities more resilient. | 设计更为弹性的建筑物及城市 |
| [46:18] | We can not stop these things happening. | 我们无法防止这些自然灾害的发生 |
| [46:20] | We can’t prevent it. | 我们无法阻止 |
| [46:22] | But we can prepare for it. | 但是我们可以未雨绸缪 |