War Photographer(战地摄影师)[2001]电影台词本阅读、下载和单词统计

电影名称：战地摄影师
英文名称：War Photographer
年代：2001

推荐：千部英美剧台词本阅读

时间	英文	中文
[00:03]	Other wars have been photographed.	其他战争也曾留下影像纪录
[00:05]	World War II was covered from start to finish,	但二战却被从头至尾详细报道
[00:09]	in every service, in every theater.	面面俱到随处可见
[00:15]	For the first time in history, civilians knew something	史上第一次平民能够知晓
[00:18]	of how their sons, husbands and brothers	他们的儿子丈夫兄弟
[00:22]	lived and died in this vast crucible.	如何在严酷战争中经历生死考验
[00:26]	The images of this war burned our eyes and spirits	战争画面烙印在我们的记忆和灵魂中
[00:30]	and welded us together.	将我们凝聚在一起
[01:15]	I loved it because it was dangerous.	我喜欢那种危险的感觉
[01:18]	I’m a fraidy-cat,	我是个胆小鬼
[01:20]	but if there was a job to do, I did it.	但我完成了自己的职责
[01:23]	No matter how horrible the action was	无论你拍摄的战场
[01:25]	that you were covering,	多么残酷
[01:27]	when you looked through that glass,	当你透过镜头看时
[01:29]	that glass was your filter.	必须屏蔽自己的感情
[01:30]	I got carried away one time	我有次拍得太投入
[01:33]	and got out in front of the gun,	不小心走到了枪口前
[01:35]	shooting the gun firing, and that was a big mistake,	试图拍摄射击画面这是个大错误
[01:38]	because the muzzle blast got me and knocked me about 40 feet,	枪口冲击波把我震出去足有十米
[01:42]	ass over tea kettle.	真是人仰马翻
[01:44]	We hit an intersection where we were shot at.	我们有次在十字路口被袭击
[01:47]	The bullets just whizzed by us into the cab of the truck.	子弹呼啸着射穿卡车驾驶室
[01:51]	When you’re bailing out of that airplane,	当你跳出飞机
[01:53]	and you’re on the way down, you say, “Oh, no. Oh, no.”	在空中下落时你就想着”我完了我完了”
[01:56]	But shells… you can’t see anything.	但炮弹不长眼
[01:59]	It’s come to…	到最后
[02:00]	You want to yell, “Stop. This is… I’m here.”	你只想大喊”别打了我在这里”
[02:04]	Those are some of the men who took the pictures	就是他们为我们所知的二战
[02:06]	by which we remember World War II.	拍下了影像
[02:10]	Some of their images are immortal.	有些影像世界闻名
[02:12]	Many have been hidden in the archives for decades.	有些隐藏在档案室长达数十年
[02:16]	But whether their pictures are famous or not,	但不管他们的作品是否出名
[02:19]	what you are about to see is unique.	你将看到的影像都具有独一无二的意义
[02:21]	War stories backed by the irrefutable evidence	一段由不可辨驳影像佐证的
[02:24]	of the films they made.	战争历史
[02:27]	In their hands,	在他们手中
[02:28]	the camera became a weapon more potent than the rifle,	摄像机变成了比枪炮更强大的武器
[02:32]	a weapon whose impact resonates even more powerfully now	这个武器时至今日影响甚至更大
[02:36]	as memory is transformed into history.	因为记忆化为了历史
[02:41]	In 1941, we were as unprepared to photograph war	在1941年我们对拍摄战争毫无准备
[02:45]	as we were to wage it.	正如我们对战争毫无准备
本电影台词包含不重复单词：2108个。其中的生词包含：四级词汇：438个，六级词汇：221个，GRE词汇：262个，托福词汇：349个，考研词汇：487个，专四词汇：400个，专八词汇：82个，所有生词标注共：894个。定制生词标注的台词本和单词统计，请访问生词标注台词本
[02:47]	When John Ford made his film on Pearl Harbor,	当约翰·福特拍摄珍珠港影片时
[02:49]	the Japanese attack was recreated out of special effects,	日本人的袭击全由特效重现
[02:53]	intercut with old newsreel footage…	并加上了老的新闻片段
[02:56]	and a few feet of the real thing.	及少量真实镜头
[03:03]	Men, man your battle stations. God bless you.	迅速回到各自岗位愿上帝保佑你们
[03:08]	The great Hollywood cameraman Gregg Toland	伟大的好莱坞摄影师格雷格·托兰德
[03:11]	restaged these scenes months after Pearl Harbor.	在珍珠港事件几周后重新排演了场景
[03:14]	The actors are obviously amateurs,	演员明显都很业余
[03:17]	but they are real sailors.	但他们都是真正的水手
[03:19]	the attacking planes were the contribution	攻击机由
[03:21]	of the 20th century-fox special effects department.	二十世纪福克斯公司特效部所制作
[03:35]	In this outtake,	在这段花絮中
[03:36]	you can see the wires supporting the model zero.	甚至能看到支撑模型飞机的索道
[03:43]	Ford organized his field photographic branch	福特早在战前就组织了摄影师小队
[03:45]	before the war, as part of the O.S.S..	作为战略服务局的分部
[03:52]	Toland’s crew set fire to crashed planes,	托兰德的团队点燃坠毁的飞机
[03:54]	adding drama to his footage.	为画面添加戏剧感
[03:56]	But his first cut, a feature-length fictional parable	但他剪辑的第一版一段寓言式的
[03:59]	about American unpreparedness	展示美国毫无防备的片段
[04:02]	was judged unreleasable.	却被禁播
[04:06]	Ford now took a more active hand,	福特更加积极地筹备影片
[04:08]	cutting December 7th to 34 minutes.	将影片《12月7日》剪成34分钟长
[04:12]	He retained much of the miniature footage, also made at Fox.	他保留了在福克斯拍摄的大部分片段
[04:16]	This material, never before seen,	这段胶片之前从未面世
[04:18]	was shot in color,	以彩色拍摄
[04:19]	though the film was released in black and white.	但最后发行的是黑白版本
[04:24]	This is Hollywood’s version of Pearl Harbor’s battleship row,	这是好莱坞版的珍珠港战舰群
[04:28]	and the Ford-Toland version of the attack on it.	以及福特和托兰德版的袭击画面
[04:34]	There was authentic footage	原本有内华达号战舰
[04:35]	of the battleship Nevada trying to escape,	避难的真实画面
[04:38]	but Ford preferred this reconstruction.	但福特还是决定重拍
[04:40]	It matched the rest of his fake footage better.	因为这样和其他仿制画面更搭
[04:45]	Besides, his goal was not strict authenticity.	况且他的目标并不是去真实报道
[04:48]	He was out to stir the nation.	而是引起全美关注
[04:50]	There was enough reality in his film	这部电影的题材
[04:51]	to win an Academy Award for Best Short Subject.	让他赢得了奥斯卡最佳纪录短片奖
[04:55]	As Toland and Ford worked on their film in spring 1942,	当1942年春天托兰德和福特拍摄影片时
[04:59]	America mounted its first aggressive response to Pearl Harbor,	美国发动了珍珠港后的第一次激烈回击
[05:03]	a Navy task force under Admiral Bull Halsey.	一支由海军上将博·豪西指挥的舰队
[05:06]	It carried James Doolittle’s flyers	载着詹姆斯·杜立德的飞机
[05:08]	and 16 B-25s aboard the Hornet.	和十六架轰炸机登上了黄蜂号航母
[05:12]	Hal Kempe was a photographer’s mate on the newly commissioned ship.	哈尔·肯普是这艘刚服役航母上一位摄影师助手
[05:16]	I’ve heard many stories.	我听过很多传闻
[05:18]	Some of them say that we slipped out under the cover of darkness.	有人说军队趁着夜幕悄悄行动
[05:22]	We went under the Golden Gate Bridge at noon,	其实我们穿过金门大桥是在中午
[05:25]	and we had the planes lined up from one end of the flight deck to the other,	甲板上从头到尾摆满了飞机
[05:28]	and it looked like a ferry trip.	看起来就像一艘渡轮
[05:31]	After we were at sea for about two or three days,	我们在海上航行了两三天后
[05:35]	they re-spotted the flight deck.	他们重新排列了甲板上的飞机
[05:37]	They took each B-25– they are tricycle landing gear…	他们移动了有三角起落架的轰炸机
[05:41]	and placed them with their tails	让它们的尾部
[05:42]	extending out over the flight deck at the edge.	伸出甲板两侧
[05:45]	They put one on each port and starboard side	他们将飞机在左右舷成对排列
[05:48]	until the lead plane had sufficient run for his takeoff.	直至引航飞机有足够空间起飞
[05:53]	That was one-third the normal takeoff distance.	这只有正常起飞距离的三分之一
[06:00]	The raiders were spotted by Japanese picketboats.	突击舰被日本巡逻船发现
[06:03]	They were sunk, but might have radioed a warning.	敌舰虽被击沉但可能已发出警告
[06:06]	There was no choice but to launch the attack prematurely.	于是不得不提前进行攻击
[06:09]	They said, “Army pilots, man your planes. We’re going to launch. “	他们说”飞行员各就各位准备起飞”
[06:14]	So we were launching eight hours too soon.	所以我们等于提前八小时起飞
[06:18]	Doolittle was first.	杜立德是第一个
[06:22]	Boom, he went, and the rest of the crews are wondering,	“轰”一声他起飞了其他人都在怀疑
[06:25]	“Can it be done?”	能成功吗
[06:31]	The raiders, all volunteers,	驾驶突袭机的人全是志愿者
[06:33]	had practiced short-run takeoffs on land.	之前在地面练习过短距离起飞
[06:35]	A few had practiced from a carrier deck,	少部分人在航母上练习过
[06:37]	but never in bad weather.	但从没有这么恶劣的天气
[06:39]	Yet all were safely launched	但是所有人都安全起飞
[06:41]	for their 30 seconds over Tokyo.	执行对东京的闪电轰炸
[06:45]	Halsey’s concern?	豪西担心什么呢
[06:47]	The early launch made it impossible for the planes	他担心过早起飞会使飞机
[06:49]	to make safe landings in China,	无法安全降落在中国
[06:51]	yet all but three fliers survived the raid.	但除了三架飞机以外其他都安全回归
[06:54]	It did little damage, except to enemy morale.	这场轰炸造成的损失虽小但重创了敌军士气
[06:59]	They carried four 500-pound bombs each,	每架飞机携带四百四十斤炸弹
[07:03]	and that’s not very much when you really look at it,	这其实并不算太多
[07:06]	but it was enough to put the fear of God into them for a while.	但足以对敌人产生震慑
[07:13]	The Doolittle raid provoked a huge Japanese counterattack	杜立德的突袭引起了日军的大规模反击
[07:16]	aimed at destroying the U. S. Pacific Fleet,	旨在摧毁美军太平洋舰队
[07:19]	but we had broken their code	但我们事先破译了密码
[07:21]	and knew they would be attacking Midway Island.	知晓他们将攻击中途岛
[07:24]	This evened the odds for the Hornet	这令黄蜂号和其他两艘航母
[07:26]	and two other carriers	胜率大增
[07:27]	as they approached the war’s first great naval battle.	他们即将进行二战的第一次伟大海战
[07:32]	Midway was a pair of tiny coral atolls	中途岛这个极小的珊瑚岛
[07:34]	vital to the defense of Hawaii.	对夏威夷的防御至关重要
[07:37]	This time, John Ford was present with a film crew.	这一次约翰·福特率领摄影团队前来
[07:41]	Ford himself operated one of the cameras	福特本人就操作一台摄像机
[07:44]	and was wounded getting these pictures.	并在拍摄此段画面时负伤
[07:46]	He would win another Oscar for the film he fashioned from them.	他利用这些素材再次赢得了一座奥斯卡
[07:49]	The crucial part of the battle was at sea,	海战在这场战争中至关重要
[07:52]	between ships that never saw one another.	双方军舰根本看不到对方
[07:55]	They didn’t know exactly where the Japanese fleet was,	他们不知道日本军舰在哪里
[07:58]	but the Torpedo Squadron of ours, their skipper had an idea	但鱼雷攻击队的队长认为
[08:01]	that it was off in a certain direction,	日本人在某个方向
[08:03]	and he went off there.	于是他飞向了那个方向
[08:05]	He ran into the whole bunch of them.	结果遭遇了一大群日本舰队
[08:08]	And they lost…	他们损失了
[08:09]	fifteen or sixteen torpedo planes went down.	十五到十六架鱼雷攻击机
[08:12]	These are the men of Torpedo Squadron 8,	这些是鱼雷攻击第八中队的成员
[08:15]	Who found the Japanese carriers.	他们发现了日军航母
[08:17]	they scored no hits, but along with other torpedo planes,	虽没有击沉一艘但在其他鱼雷机的帮助下
[08:20]	they distracted enemy gunners,	他们吸引了敌军火力
[08:21]	allowing our dive-bombers to sink four carriers.	让我们的俯冲轰炸机得以击沉四艘航母
[08:24]	Only one man, George Gay, on the right, survived.	只有片中右边的乔治·盖得以幸存
[08:30]	One of Ford’s crew shot these pictures.	福特团队中的一人拍下了这些画面
[08:33]	The director made them into a short memorial film,	导演将它们剪成一部纪念短片
[08:35]	which he sent to the Squadron ‘s next of kin.	送给了鱼雷机中队的家属
[08:40]	Midway shifted the balance of naval power in the Pacific.	中途岛战役让太平洋的实力对比发生倾斜
[08:44]	It cost the Japanese almost half their carriers.	令日军损失了几乎一半航母
[08:46]	Still, their wounded Navy	但是他们受创的海军
[08:48]	continued to pose a deadly threat.	依然不断造成致命威胁
[08:52]	October 1942.	1942年10月
[08:54]	The Hornet steams toward the battle of Santa Cruz	黄蜂号驶向瓜达康纳尔岛附近的
[08:57]	near Guadalcanal.	圣塔克鲁兹岛
[08:59]	With her sister ship, the Enterprise,	同行的还有姊妹舰企业号
[09:01]	she was soon fighting off massive assaults from the air.	很快它遭受了空中的猛烈打击
[09:05]	Just how close the combat often was	战斗到底有多激烈
[09:07]	is demonstrated by this sequence,	这段在企业号上拍的片段中
[09:09]	shot from the Enterprise.	有所体现
[09:26]	A near miss shakes the Enterprise.	近在咫尺的炸弹动摇了企业号
[09:32]	An enemy shadow is cast on the flight deck as the ship fights on.	敌机的阴影投射在甲板上军舰不断还击
[09:40]	The camera catches the wild swing of the huge ship	摄像头记录下了巨大舰艇
[09:43]	as it takes evasive action.	躲避攻击时的疯狂摇摆
[09:49]	But still the bombs rain down.	但炸弹依然如雨而下
[09:58]	The camera survived this hit, but not the cameraman.	摄像机幸存摄像师却没有
[10:03]	The Hornet did not survive either.	黄蜂号也没有幸免
[10:05]	We were listing to the starboard.	船身倾向了右舷
[10:08]	Real heavy list.	倾斜得非常厉害
[10:10]	I went to the fantail to help with the wounded,	我去船的扇尾区帮助伤员
[10:13]	where I stayed the rest of the day until we abandoned ship.	我在那儿待了一整天直到我们弃船
[10:17]	And I swam out on the quarter, about 45 degrees out this way,	我从船尾游出大概这个方向45度
[10:21]	and got out so far, and here come the destroyers.	游到这里时来了一艘驱逐舰
[10:25]	I figured, “This is going to be a piece of cake.	我想这一定很简单
[10:28]	Pick us up quick. “	我们很快会得救
[10:29]	Then they backed down and took off.	但他们突然放弃救援驶离我们
[10:32]	The destroyers start circling way out around the ship	驱逐舰沿着航母打圈
[10:34]	and start firing, and I figured, “What are they firing at?”	并开始开火我想他们在打什么
[10:38]	We started looking in the sky, and coming in on this line…	我们抬头仰望空中发现从我们
[10:41]	we had gone out on the fantail…	逃出扇尾区的方向
[10:43]	was a “V” formation of twin-engine bombers coming in,	有一支V字形双引擎轰炸机编队飞来
[10:46]	and you could see the five-inch	你能看到驱逐舰发射的
[10:48]	antiaircraft bursts up there by it.	5英寸防空炮弹在空中爆炸
[10:51]	And they came and… shoop!	敌机呼啸而过
[10:53]	Went right over the head, and one hit the fantail back here,	掠过头顶一枚炸弹击中了船尾
[10:56]	and the rest was in a pattern around the stern of the ship.	其他在船尾附近爆炸
[11:00]	And they continued on and never came back.	然后他们飞走再也没回来
[11:02]	I got picked up right after that	袭击后我很快被
[11:05]	by the 411 Anderson.	安德森号驱逐舰救起
[11:07]	That final bombing run was the coup de grace.	最后的那枚炸弹是致命一击
[11:12]	The next day, the Hornet’s short, brave life was ended	第二天黄蜂号短暂而勇敢的一生结束了
[11:15]	when American destroyers sank her.	一艘美国驱逐舰销毁了它
[11:17]	Our ship had been in commission for one year and six days.	我们的船共服役一年零六天
[11:21]	But the carrier war in the Pacific never ceased.	但太平洋的航母之战一直没有结束
[11:25]	We didn’t have motors on the Mitchells,	我们在米切尔号上没有电动机
[11:28]	but you had to hand-crank.	所以只能手摇摄像
[11:29]	So when we did flight deck operations,	当拍摄甲板飞机起落时
[11:32]	we did not hand-crank at three turns per second	我们没有使用一秒摇三圈的
[11:35]	on the small crank.	小转柄
[11:36]	We used the big crank,	我们使用了大转柄
[11:38]	and we would start going up to high speed,	我们摇得非常快
[11:41]	because we’d want slow motion of the crash.	因为我们需要坠机慢镜头
[11:45]	The pilot coming in for landing…	试图降落的飞行员
[11:46]	If you see the photographer on the flight deck	如果你看见摄影师在甲板上
[11:49]	start with that big crank, look out,	开始摇着大曲柄那就要小心了
[11:51]	you bought the farm.	飞机要来了
[12:27]	The footage Kempe and his colleagues took on the flight decks	肯普和同僚在甲板上拍下的画面
[12:30]	forms an eerie ballet of destruction	就如一支可怕的毁灭之舞
[12:33]	and of unlikely survival.	生还率极低
[12:38]	By late 1942,	在1942年后期
[12:40]	we were officially training combat cameramen.	我们开始正式训练战地摄影师
[12:43]	Standard army issue was the 35-millimeter eyemo for movies	军方的标准化装备是三十五毫米便携摄影机
[12:46]	and the 4×5 speed graphic for stills.	和四乘五底片相机
[12:50]	Many of the cameramen had been photographers in civilian life.	许多摄影师之前就是业内人士
[12:54]	Hal Roach’s Culver City Studio	豪尔·罗奇考沃城摄影棚
[12:56]	was a major production and training center.	是一个主要的制作和训练中心
[13:00]	Naturally, the students took pictures of themselves	很自然地学生们拍下了自己
[13:02]	taking pictures.	拍照的画面
[13:04]	Eventually about 1,500 men,	最终约有一千五百人
[13:06]	not a lot for a war this huge,	将成为战地摄影师
[13:08]	would become motion-picture combat cameramen.	尽管与战争规模比微不足道
[13:11]	Many served in the air force.	许多在空军服役
[13:14]	On the endless strategic bombing raids over Europe,	在长时间对欧洲的战略轰炸中
[13:16]	they worked as Bomb Spotters,	他们的任务是观察着弹点
[13:18]	recording damage for intelligence analysts.	提供地面受损纪录以供情报分析
[13:23]	The oil fields at Ploesti in Rumania	罗马尼亚的普洛耶什蒂油田
[13:25]	were vital to the German war effort	对德军有很重要的战略意义
[13:27]	and among the most bombed targets of the war.	也是被轰炸最多的区域
[13:30]	On August 1, 1943,	在1943年8月1日
[13:32]	these B-24s based in Libya	在利比亚驻扎的B-24轰炸机
[13:35]	mounted the first major attack on them	从一百五十米超低空发动了
[13:37]	at a daring 500 feet.	第一次主要袭击
[13:39]	Then, as later, results were poor.	稍后效果不佳
[13:42]	Ploesti was never knocked out.	普洛耶什蒂没有被端掉
[13:45]	Doug Morrell flew later higher-altitude missions over Ploesti.	道格·莫雷尔之后又从高空飞过普洛耶什蒂
[13:49]	This mission could be 10 hours long,	整个任务可能有十小时长
[13:51]	but the combat part is only about 10 minutes.	但真正的战斗时间只有十分钟
[13:53]	Ten minutes is a long time. Try holding your breath.	漫长的十分钟紧张异常
[13:57]	The eyemo had a hand-crank wind on it,	便携摄影机有一个手摇发条柄
[14:00]	and it seemed like always when the most important thing happened,	似乎每次在激烈战事发生时
[14:03]	you’re winding that thing, trying to get it going.	你总在上发条试图让摄影机工作
[14:06]	I hated to reload up at 20,000 feet.	我讨厌在六千米的高空上发条
[14:09]	Reloading up there, your fingers get a little cold.	在那种高度操作你的手指会很冷
[14:13]	When you come into the target,	但你进入目标区域时
[14:15]	they put up so much flak	敌军的高射炮火非常密集
[14:17]	that the enemy fighters won’t come in there.	以至于他们自己的飞机都不敢接近
[14:19]	They’ll get hit.	他们害怕被击中
[14:21]	Bomb spotting is when the bombs release.	着弹点观察就是当炸弹投下后
[14:23]	Then you follow them and pick up their hits.	你进行跟拍并照下爆炸点
[14:27]	When you get those hits down there, the intelligence can use those.	这些爆炸点的信息对情报机构很有用
[14:34]	We were bombing Ploesti, and flak hit us.	我们在轰炸普洛耶什蒂时高射炮击中了我们
[14:37]	We had to drop out of formation.	我们只得脱离编队
[14:40]	And then six ME-109s jumped us when we got out of formation.	离开编队后六架梅塞战机包围了我们
[14:44]	We were quite a ways away, all by ourselves.	我们离友军很远孤立无援
[14:47]	They raked us back and forth and set us on fire.	他们来回扫射我们导致飞机起火
[14:50]	I opened the bomb bay door.	我打开投弹门
[14:52]	I was going to jump out there instead of out the back end.	我准备从那里跳下去而不是机尾
[14:55]	Here’s this fire coming. I says, “Oh.”	机舱内起了火我想”真糟糕”
[14:57]	I grabbed a little fire extinguisher, about that long.	我拿了一支小灭火器就这么长
[15:02]	I’m starting to pump that. I says, “I better leave. “	我开始灭火心想”我最好赶紧跑”
[15:04]	I went out the back end.	我跑向机尾
[15:06]	Just as I left out of there, it blew.	我刚一跳出机尾飞机就爆炸了
[15:09]	We averaged about five out of an airplane.	飞机里逃出了五人
[15:11]	When I bailed out, I was the last one out,	当我跳下时我是最后一个幸存的
[15:13]	and then the other five got killed in there.	剩下的五个人死在了机舱中
[15:16]	Another cameraman who survived the often catastrophic air war	另一位在惨烈空战中幸存的摄影师
[15:20]	was Dan McGovern.	是丹·麦戈文
[15:21]	You were so busy, you weren’t thinking about a battle.	你太忙了根本无暇去想什么战争
[15:25]	You were thinking about helping others and shooting.	只想着帮助其他人和射击
[15:28]	In the meantime,	同时
[15:30]	you couldn’t become a spectator.	你根本没时间去拍照
[15:32]	You had to shoot.	你必须射击
[15:34]	If you’re flying in a bomber,	当你在轰炸机上时
[15:35]	there’s 10 crew members in a bomber.	每架轰炸机有十名成员
[15:38]	You’re the 11th man.	你就是多余的那个人
[15:40]	So then we had to prove ourselves.	所以我们必须证明自己有用
[15:44]	As a matter of fact…	事实上
[15:46]	This is a true story, so help me God.	这是真事愿上帝保佑
[15:49]	I photographed my own crash landing.	我拍下了自己的迫降画面
[15:53]	The two engines on the right side, out.	右侧的两个引擎坏了
[15:56]	The third engine on the left side, out. One engine.	左侧的第三个也坏了只剩下一个引擎
[16:00]	So I cut to the right, cut to the left,	我拍了拍右边拍了拍左边
[16:03]	look over the top,	拍了拍上面
[16:05]	and the airplane’s coming in for a crash landing.	然后飞机开始迫降
[16:14]	You don’t think about it.	你当时不会想太多
[16:16]	You’re so excited, you’re not scared,	你太兴奋了感觉不到恐惧
[16:20]	but you’re scared after when you come back.	但回来后你会后怕
[16:23]	you’re just shaking.	止不住的颤抖
[16:24]	we dropped over two million tons of bombs on Europe,	我们在欧洲投下了两千万吨炸弹
[16:27]	but never matched the results promised by air power advocates.	但没有想象中对敌人打击大
[16:30]	This war, like all wars,	这场战争如其他战争一样
[16:32]	would be won on the ground,	必须在陆上一决雌雄
[16:33]	as Norman Hatch learned	正如诺曼·哈奇
[16:35]	When he made the Tarawa landing in 1943.	1943年到达塔拉瓦岛所学到的一样
[16:38]	I was with Jim Crow, who was a battalion commander.	我和军队指挥官吉姆·克罗在一起
[16:42]	He wasn’t happy with having me there	他不大欢迎我
[16:43]	because, as he had told me earlier,	因为早些时候他告诉过我
[16:45]	He didn’t want any Hollywood Marines with him.	他不想让好莱坞的样子货跟着他
[16:48]	I testified to him that I was a regular Marine,	我向他保证我是合格的海陆队员
[16:51]	I shot expert.	我能射击
[16:52]	If I needed a rifle, I could do something with it.	如果需要我会毫不犹豫地拿起步枪
[16:55]	He said, “Come with me, but don’t get in my way. “	他说 “跟我来吧但别碍事”
[16:58]	I was sitting alongside of him, shooting what was going on,	我跟他坐在一起开始拍摄现场画面
[17:03]	and he observed that his amtracs,	他发现水陆两栖战车
[17:05]	which were the first three waves,	也就是前三波进攻编队
[17:07]	were not maintaining their course.	并没有按计划路程前进
[17:10]	And because there was a .50-Caliber	因为一架埋在沙土中的
[17:12]	buried in the sand that was shooting at them,	五十毫米机关枪正朝他们射击
[17:14]	they kept edging over to the right,	他们被打得不断往右偏
[17:17]	and Crow could see his front disappearing	克罗发现他所派遣的
[17:19]	because of this maneuver.	前线消失了
[17:21]	So he told the coxswain to put the boat in now.	所以他让舵手立刻停船
[17:24]	We ran up on the reef. The ramp wouldn’t go down.	我们跑上暗礁然而暗礁太高
[17:27]	All of us had to go over the side,	我们只能绕道走
[17:29]	which is difficult to do with 80 pounds of gear on your shoulder.	背着七十斤负重走这段路很艰难
[17:35]	We got to the beach, and we were exhausted	上海滩后我们筋疲力尽
[17:36]	because you can ‘t walk through water	因为在水中行走
[17:40]	without having a lot of resistance,	阻力很大
[17:42]	and loaded down with gear and everything else,	还背了一堆各种装备
[17:45]	it drained you completely.	让人精疲力尽
[17:46]	It took us a couple of minutes on the beach to get oriented.	我们花了一段时间才在沙滩上回过神来
[17:51]	Hatch was pinned down with the rest of the invaders.	哈奇和其他人全被火力压制在了原地
[17:54]	There was nothing to do but shoot.	除了射击别无可做
[17:57]	Combat footage with a previously unknown ferocity.	战斗影像前所未有的残忍
[18:03]	The emplacements that were there by the Japanese were fantastic.	日本人布置的掩体炮台非常完美
[18:07]	They built a concrete bunker and covered it with sand.	他们盖了座水泥掩体然后掩盖上沙子
[18:10]	Then they covered it with logs.	再布上一层原木
[18:11]	Then they covered that with sand.	然后再覆盖一层沙子
[18:13]	They were pretty impregnable.	非常坚固
[18:17]	The Pacific War favored the cameramen.	太平洋战争对摄影师很有利
[18:19]	Spaces were confined,	阵地不大
[18:21]	The action within them tightly focused.	战况激烈
[18:24]	The brutal reality of war revealed itself here	战争的残酷性在这里展露无遗
[18:26]	as it rarely did elsewhere.	而别的战争鲜少有战地实录
[18:35]	Hatch caught the Marines and their enemy in combat	哈奇拍下了海军陆战士兵
[18:38]	in the same shot.	和敌人的遭遇战
[18:40]	That was luck.	纯粹是运气好
[18:41]	I was on top of this enclosure,	我在一处掩体上面
[18:42]	and somebody said, “here they come. “	有人喊道”他们来了”
[18:43]	I turned, and there it was, and I just kept on shooting.	我回头果然如此于是我就拍了下来
[18:47]	Had the Japanese mounted a coordinated	如果日军第一天的反击
[18:49]	counterattack on that first day,	能更加协调些
[18:52]	they might have driven the Marines back into the sea.	他们也许能把海军陆战队赶回海上
[19:09]	But the fighting remain as Hatch’s film showing,	但抵抗与哈奇拍摄的影片中一样
[19:12]	ferocious yet disorganized.	凶猛但无组织
[19:15]	Most of the Japanese fought to the death.	大部分日本士兵顽抗至死
[19:18]	The Marines took only 17 prisoners.	陆战队只活捉了十七名俘虏
[19:21]	The seas continued to run against reinforcements.	海流不断地阻碍着援军增援
[19:24]	Among them was another cameraman, John Ercole.	援军也有一位摄影师约翰·厄科尔
[19:27]	From my boat we didn’t even know what was going on.	在船上我们不知道发生了什么
[19:30]	We were going nowhere.	我们在原地打转
[19:31]	The propeller and the tide didn’t come together.	船推进器和潮汐的方向不同
[19:37]	I was shooting whatever I could at the time,	我当时拍下了任何能拍的东西
[19:39]	faces of people in my own boat and things like that.	船中战友的脸等等
[19:42]	Nineteen hours later,	十九小时后
[19:44]	we finally made a landing.	我们终于登陆
[19:50]	What Ercole found to shoot	厄科尔能拍摄到的
[19:52]	was mostly the dead and wounded.	大多是死者和伤者
[19:54]	At first their evacuation was poorly handled.	一开始伤亡人员撤离非常混乱
[19:57]	Hatch credits a movie actor with getting things organized.	哈奇说全靠一名电影演员协调了现场
[20:02]	Eddie Albert was there.	埃迪·艾伯特在那里
[20:03]	He was a Navy J.G. at the time,	他是当时是一位海军少尉
[20:06]	and he was a boat director.	也是一名登陆舰指挥员
[20:08]	And he discovered early on in the game	他一早就发现
[20:10]	that there wasn’t too much coordination on getting wounded out,	伤员撤离比较无序
[20:13]	so he got on the beach himself,	所以他自己跑上海滩
[20:15]	and he stayed there during the worst part of the fighting	即使战况最激烈时也没有离开
[20:18]	and directed the Navy boats bringing supplies in	指挥着两栖船舰运来补给
[20:21]	to carry wounded back out to the ships.	运走伤员
[20:24]	As the battle moved inland,	随着战斗向岛内推移
[20:26]	the futility of the preinvasion naval bombardment was obvious.	人们发现之前的船舰炮击毫无用处
[20:31]	Their pounding didn’t do too much good.	他们的炮击一点用也没有
[20:34]	They were using armor-piercing shells,	他们使用了穿甲弹
[20:36]	and there wasn’t any armor to pierce.	可是岛上根本没有装甲
[20:37]	They were hitting sand and bouncing off	炮弹击中沙土被弹开
[20:39]	and skittering all over the island.	布满了岛屿
[20:42]	You’d see 16-inch shells laying all over the place.	你能看见遍地的十六英寸炮弹
[20:45]	Nothing had ever happened with them.	全部没有引爆
[20:51]	What grabbed me and took hold of me	让我真正难以忘却的是
[20:52]	was the bodies, the dead bodies,	尸体死尸
[20:56]	God knows how many Marines,	天知道死了多少海陆队员
[20:58]	face down, floating in shallow water.	头朝下在浅水中随波逐流
[21:01]	That was the first time that I had really seen dead bodies.	那是我第一次看到真正的尸体
[21:06]	When you see bodies floating in the water,	当你看到尸体漂浮在水中
[21:09]	it really grabs you.	真的令人窒息
[21:11]	And they all seemed to look like a buddy of mine,	我觉得他们每个人都像我的一个朋友
[21:13]	Norman Hatch.	诺曼·哈奇
[21:16]	This was a piece of ground	那片地方
[21:18]	that wasn’t as big as Central Park in New York,	也就纽约中央公园那么大
[21:21]	and in the course of that 72 hours,	而在七十二小时中
[21:24]	six thousand people died.	六千人死在那里
[21:27]	Five thousand of those were Japanese.	其中五千是日军
[21:29]	One thousand were Marines.	一千是海陆队员
[21:31]	Then there were another 2,000 wounded.	还有两千人受伤
[21:35]	Passing a disabled tank, Hatch heard this kitten’s cry.	经过一辆瘫痪的坦克时哈奇听到了猫叫
[21:39]	At first he thought it might be a wounded enemy,	他本以为是受伤的敌军
[21:42]	but it was just another war victim.	结果发现是另一位战争受害者
[21:45]	He thought he might make a pet of it,	他本来想收它做宠物
[21:47]	but after getting his drink, the kitten scampered away,	但喝完它要的水后猫咪就跑了
[21:49]	never to be seen again.	再也没人见过
[21:54]	The quality of his Tarawa film	塔拉瓦岛影片的高质量
[21:56]	earned Hatch a trip home,	让哈奇得到了回家的机会
[21:57]	where this footage of him	他的胶片在那里
[21:58]	was made for an Army-Navy short subject.	被制成陆军和海军的短片
[22:03]	We drove down Market Street,	我们从市场街开过
[22:05]	and every major theater had my name on the Marquee	每个大剧院宣传栏上都打着我的名字
[22:09]	as taking the Tarawa film, and they were running it.	写着我是影片的摄影师
[22:14]	That’s the best frame of combat film I’ve ever seen.	这是我见过最好的战斗画面
[22:17]	That’s okay.	还好吧
[22:18]	When an Army man says that to a Marine, he means it.	能让我们陆军说这话证明确实是好
[22:21]	It was just luck.	走运罢了
[22:23]	A movie cameraman,	一名摄影师
[22:25]	a stills man, and a driver.	一名照相师和一名司机
[22:29]	That’s how the signal corps organized	这就是欧洲战地摄影的
[22:31]	its combat photographers in Europe.	组队方式
[22:33]	The cameras we were using	我们当时用的摄像机是一种
[22:35]	were eyemo, called a “Bomb Spotter” camera.	被称作炸弹侦察者的便携式摄像机
[22:39]	It had a big crank on the side.	它的一侧有个很大的手柄
[22:41]	You wound it up, and they only had one 2-inch lens.	用它上好发条摄像机只有两英寸的镜头
[22:45]	And if you can believe the running you have to do	你必须自己前后跑动
[22:49]	to get your long shot, medium shot and close-up	利用这个镜头完成远景
[22:51]	with a two-inch lens,	中景和特写
[22:53]	it was really criminal that they sent us with that kind of stuff.	用这种镜头拍摄简直就是遭罪
[23:01]	Yet remarkable things could be done with that equipment.	即使器材不好仍有非凡的作品问世
[23:04]	John Huston, one of several Hollywood directors	约翰·休斯顿是其中一位
[23:06]	who followed John Ford to war,	跟随约翰·福特来战场的好莱坞导演
[23:08]	used it to make what critic James Agee thought	用此设备拍出了批评家詹姆斯·艾吉
[23:11]	the best of all war documentaries.	所谓的”最好的纪录片”
[23:13]	Huston would write and speak	休斯顿会给影片配上
[23:15]	the strikingly ironic narration.	具有明显讽刺意味的旁白
[23:18]	Patron, St. Peter.	守护神圣彼得
[23:21]	Point of interest, St. Peter’s, 1438.	圣彼得大教堂建于1438年
[23:25]	Note interesting treatment of chancel.	奇怪圣坛怎会经受如此遭遇
[23:29]	Huston, however, would find real war	休斯顿发觉真实的战场
[23:31]	more difficult to direct than the Hollywood kind.	比好莱坞战争片要难拍得多
[23:37]	From the end of October 1943	自1943年10月底
[23:39]	until the middle of December,	到12月中旬
[23:41]	San Pietro was the scene of some of the bitterest fighting	圣彼得周围地区都是我们第五军前线
[23:44]	on our 5th Army front.	最激烈的战斗地点
[23:46]	The entire campaign had entered second base	整场战役已进入了第二阶段
[23:49]	to push forward again after a static period	要克服季节性大雨引起的
[23:52]	brought on by heavy seasonal rain.	停滞不前
[23:56]	Huston came over, and he had a mission.	休斯顿带着任务来到这里
[24:00]	That was to make a coherent narrative	他需要跟踪报道
[24:02]	of one small battle that would represent the entire war.	一场能够代表整场大战的小战役
[24:07]	He went forward and realized that you have no control.	他到战场后发现一切都不在控制之中
[24:09]	You shoot what you can get.	拍到什么你无法控制
[24:11]	You come up, you can fire three rounds and drop.	你可以拍满三卷胶卷
[24:15]	But you can’t get 10 feet of film in the same way.	却无法得到十英寸的可用影像
[24:20]	But if you had control, you can do a lot with an eyemo.	但如果场景能导演就能拍出好东西
[24:25]	So he came back. They gave him two battalions	所以他回来部队将第三十六师
[24:27]	out of the 36th Division who were on rest	休息中的两个营派给他
[24:30]	and said, “here it is, “	告诉他”这是你的了”
[24:31]	and he went ahead and staged that whole thing.	于是他导演了整个战斗场景
[24:34]	He used film that we had shot.	他利用我们拍到的
[24:38]	actual battle film.	真实战斗片段
[24:40]	And he intercut it with what he had.	与他自己的片段混合
[24:42]	His stuff was much better than ours.	他拍摄的画面比我们好得多
[24:45]	Ed Montagne has a veteran’s genial tolerance	艾德·蒙塔涅作为前辈对休斯顿的把戏
[24:48]	of Huston’s tricks.	持宽容态度
[24:49]	He used the most picturesque munitions.	他利用了最生动的爆炸场景
[24:52]	He slammed the camera with his hand to simulate explosions.	他拍打相机来模拟爆炸的震动
[24:55]	He even posed American G.I.s as dead Germans.	他甚至让美国大兵冒充死了的德国士兵
[24:59]	But he scared the poor 36th. That was a nervous outfit.	他吓坏了可怜的三十六师他们神经紧张
[25:03]	He’d have them going up a hill,	他让士兵们爬上一座山坡
[25:05]	and he’d throw a grenade down the hill	接着往山下丢了一个手榴弹
[25:08]	and yell, “Grenade!” and, Christ, they’d dive.	大喊”手榴弹” 然后士兵纷纷扑倒
[25:10]	Some of the stuff he got was great.	他拍的一些东西的确很棒
[25:13]	I admire him for what he did, but I resented the fact	我敬佩他的作为但也不满
[25:16]	that I would get critiques from New York,	他的行为会让我受到纽约的批评
[25:19]	“Huston’s men are able to do this. Why can’t yours?”	“休斯顿能拍到你为何不能”
[25:24]	I had the same people.	我有着和他一样的人手
[25:27]	Didn’t speak well of me, did it?	确实找不到借口对吧
[25:31]	Some of Huston’s most moving footage	休斯顿拍摄的一些最感人的镜头
[25:34]	was of people picking up the pieces,	就是圣彼得小镇里
[25:36]	of life reasserting itself	人们收拾战争的残骸
[25:38]	in the little town of San Pietro.	并重新投入生活之中
[25:45]	And the people pray to their Patron Saint to intercede with God	他们向守护神祈祷
[25:49]	on behalf of those who came deliberately	盼他能向上帝求情
[25:53]	and passed on to the north	保佑那些解放了他们后
[25:55]	with the passing battle.	奔向北方的士兵
[26:01]	By 1944, the combat photographers were everywhere,	到1944年战地摄影师无处不在
[26:05]	even the China-Burma-India theater.	甚至是在对于美国人民来说
[26:07]	to most Americans, that was the war’s most obscure corner.	战争中最不起眼的中缅印战区
[26:11]	Hidden behind high mountains and deep jungles,	他们藏于高山和深林之中
[26:14]	it was both a political and logistical nightmare.	这是政治和后勤共同的噩梦
[26:18]	One air supply route was called “The Aluminum Trail, “	一条航线被称为”死亡通道”
[26:21]	After all the planes downed flying it.	因为很多飞机在这里坠毁
[26:24]	When Generals Joseph Stilwell and Frank Merrill	当约瑟夫·史迪威和弗兰克·美林将军
[26:27]	met to plan a mission against the	会见并计划夺取
[26:28]	key Japanese airfield at Myitkyina,	密支那的日本重要机场时
[26:31]	Photographer Dave Quaid was there.	摄影师戴夫·奎德也在场
[26:34]	When General Stilwell flew off in his little plane,	当史迪威将军开着他的飞机离开时
[26:37]	I went up to Merrill	我正要前往梅里尔
[26:39]	and I said, “Hey, General,	于是我说”嗨将军
[26:42]	you mind if I join you guys?”	能让我和你们一起去吗”
[26:45]	He said, “Come on along.”	他说”那就来吧”
[26:47]	Technically, Quaid was AWOL	严格说奎德在加入加拉哈特行动时
[26:49]	when he joined operation Galahad.	有些玩忽职守
[26:51]	He had no idea what he was getting into.	他完全不知道自己将经历何事
[26:55]	Now we’re on this trail that is basically impassable,	我们走的路径难于上青天
[26:59]	and we had to cut steps so even the mules…	我们不得不凿出踏脚处以便骡子
[27:03]	The mules that can do anything, handle any terrain,	无所不能的骡子能应付任何地形的骡子
[27:06]	could not handle this trail.	都没有办法应付这条路径
[27:08]	We ourselves carried so much equipment…	我们自己背着沉重的器材
[27:11]	five days’ kration and ammunition	大约五日的粮食和一些军火
[27:14]	and rifles and, ah…	来福枪以及一些东西
[27:16]	And I carried a 13-pound camera and 2,400 foot of film.	我背着12斤的镜头和2400英寸胶卷
[27:24]	It got so rugged	道路实在是太崎岖了
[27:26]	that the mules could not make it,	骡子都前行不了
[27:30]	and finally what they had to do	最后士兵们不得不
[27:32]	was take the loads and the saddles off the mules.	卸下骡子身上的负荷和鞍
[27:40]	They would get a G.I.,	他们让一个士兵站着
[27:41]	and a bunch of guys would lift this 96-pound saddle	另一些人举起八十八斤重的鞍
[27:45]	and put it on his back,	放到这个士兵身上
[27:47]	and then he would have to climb the steps.	由他背着登上台阶
[27:51]	And then when we got to a more level area,	等到达较为平坦的地方
[27:54]	we would load up the mules again.	再把鞍装到骡子身上
[27:57]	Quaid tired of repeating the same front and back angles.	奎德厌倦了从前后的同样角度反复拍摄
[28:01]	He found a precarious perch in a tree to get this side shot.	他找到一块不稳定的栖木在上面侧拍
[28:05]	The drop is 300 feet.	高差有九十米
[28:07]	so I was young then,	我那时年轻力壮
[28:09]	and I jumped down and I made the shot.	于是就跳到树上进行拍摄
[28:12]	On the way to Myitkyina,	在去密支那的路上
[28:14]	Merrill’s marauders twice encountered Japanese patrols.	美林的士兵两次遭遇日本巡逻兵
[28:26]	Here you can see an enemy bullet cutting through the brush.	这里你能看见敌人的子弹穿过丛林
[28:38]	During the skirmish, Quaid stepped into the open	在小规模战斗中奎德离开掩护物
[28:40]	to get this shot of a fallen foe	去拍摄一个落单的敌人
[28:42]	and the American who killed him.	以及杀死他的美国士兵
[28:44]	Probably the dumbest shot I’ve ever made in my life.	这也许是我这辈子做过最蠢的事
[28:46]	Because the Japanese were so stunned, they didn’t fire.	那个日本兵吓坏了才忘记了开枪
[28:51]	They didn’t believe their eyes.	他们不敢相信自己的眼睛
[28:52]	This wilderness trek took six days.	他们在荒野中跋涉了六天
[28:57]	The method of handling malaria was very simple.	应付疟疾的方法很简单
[29:01]	Simplest thing in the world.	几乎可说是最简单的事
[29:03]	It’s called “walking it out of you. “	我们叫做”把疟疾给走出来”
[29:06]	All our walking wounded from the two battles we had fought	翻山途中两次交战中的伤员
[29:10]	while coming over the mountains were still with us.	依然跟着我们
[29:16]	The weary marauders still took the airfield by surprise,	疲倦的士兵们仍旧靠突袭来夺取机场
[29:19]	but the Japanese continued to hold the nearby town.	但日本兵仍旧掌握着附近的城镇
[29:24]	I became fascinated with the 88th Fighter Squadron.	我开始着迷于拍摄第八十八战斗机中队
[29:29]	They had death’s-heads on their P-40f airplanes.	他们在战鹰战斗机上画上骷髅头
[29:32]	They were only about a mile and a half	他们离日本人的碉堡
[29:34]	from the Japanese bunkers.	只有大约两公里
[29:36]	So they could make one climbing turn	他们可以爬高然后翻转
[29:38]	and come down right on a bunker.	直接俯冲轰炸碉堡
[29:40]	They were great for support	他们是美军和中国军队
[29:42]	for the American and Chinese surrounding Myitkyina.	在密支那很好的支援者
[29:48]	I was always interested in unique ways of looking at things.	我总喜欢以独特的角度拍摄
[29:54]	I thought it would be great if I could put my movie camera	我想如果把摄像机放到战斗机里
[29:57]	the P-40 on a dive-bombing run.	拍摄俯冲轰炸过程一定会很棒
[30:05]	I see them up there, and I see them make their turn,	我看见他们爬升翻转
[30:08]	and down they go.	迅速下落
[30:09]	And I see him right on the back of the Captain going down.	我的飞行员紧跟在上尉后面
[30:13]	And the Captain pulls out after he releases his bomb,	上尉投下炸弹后就闪开了
[30:16]	and this guy is still following the bomb down.	而我的飞行员还追着炸弹
[30:20]	And there’s this terrific blast.	接着就是可怕的爆炸
[30:22]	And I see him trying to fly through the blast.	我看见他试图飞过爆炸圈
[30:26]	He can’t get any altitude, but he comes in	他无法爬升但他冲回去
[30:28]	and crash-lands at the end of the strip.	紧急降落在跑道上
[30:32]	When the flight leader landed,	当指挥官的飞机着陆时
[30:34]	Quaid thought a strategic retreat was in order.	奎德以为自己会被遣返
[30:37]	He was, after all, responsible for wrecking the plane.	他最后还是要为损坏飞机负责
[30:40]	And he comes up to me and he says,	他走过来对我说
[30:42]	“Quaid, get out of here!”	“奎德你这臭小子
[30:45]	He said, “four more, and you’re a Japanese Ace!”	再搞坏四架你就是日本王牌飞行员了”
[30:51]	I think it’s one of the funniest lines in World War II.	我觉得这是二战中最有趣的对话之一
[30:55]	He said, “Aw, Dave, don’t take it too much to heart.	他说”戴夫别放在心上
[30:59]	We really want to get P-5 1S. “	我们本来就想换新飞机了”
[31:05]	June 1944.	1994年6月
[31:07]	The Marines land in the Marianas	海军陆战队在可轰炸日本本土的
[31:09]	within bomber range of the Japanese home islands.	马里亚那群岛着陆
[31:12]	The late Rchard Brooks	已故的理查德·布鲁克斯
[31:13]	was in charge of collecting the exposed footage.	负责拍摄露天镜头
[31:15]	When the landing boats came in for a landing at the beach,	登陆舰在岸边停靠的时候
[31:18]	The cameramen came in first.	摄影师先上了岸
[31:20]	They came in first so they could photograph the Marines	他们抢先上岸以便拍摄
[31:23]	coming in to make the invasion.	陆战士兵如何进攻
[31:32]	Like John Huston,	如约翰·休斯顿一样
[31:33]	Brooks would edit, write and narrate this	布鲁克斯会进行剪辑自编解说词
[31:35]	footage into a great war documentary.	将这些镜头连贯成很好的战争纪录片
[31:38]	Also, like Huston,	也如休斯顿一样
[31:40]	he would become an Oscar-winning Hollywood writer-director after the war.	他将成为奥斯卡最佳编剧兼导演奖得主
[31:44]	The Japs bring down another one of our planes.	日本人击落了我方另一架飞机
[32:13]	A sniper is burned out.	狙击兵被烧着了
[32:22]	A Jap makes a run for it.	一个日本兵试图突围
[32:26]	Lieutenant General Holland Smith, U.S. Marine Corps,	美国海军陆战队中将霍兰·史密斯
[32:29]	commanding the assault forces.	指挥着整个攻击部队
[32:31]	He was known to his men as “Howlin’ Mad” smith.	他被手下士兵称为”疯子”史密斯
[32:34]	Brooks was working up the nerve to ask him a question.	布鲁克斯鼓起勇气问了一个问题
[32:38]	I made sure to get some shots of General Smith	我先给史密斯中将拍了几个镜头
[32:41]	up against the skyline and against the sea.	以地平线和海岸做背景
[32:45]	Walking back to his jeep,	我和他一起走回他的吉普
[32:47]	I said, “May I ask you a question, sir?”	我说”可以问您个问题吗长官”
[32:48]	He said, “Go ahead. I was a corporal. “	他说”随便问吧我也曾是下士”
[32:52]	And I said, “ls there any way, General,	于是我说”有没有可能
[32:56]	that our combat cameramen can carry side arms?”	能给我们这些战地摄影师配枪呢”
[33:00]	He said, “what do you mean?”	他问”你想说什么”
[33:01]	I said, “We don’t have arms. We just got the camera.	我说”我们没有武器只有相机
[33:06]	“And if somebody’s shooting at you,	如果有人向你射击
[33:07]	it’s easier if you can shoot back, even if you don’t hit them.”	我们最好能回击即使打不中也好”
[33:11]	He said, “I don’t care if you got film in the camera.	他说”我不在乎你的摄像机里有没有胶卷
[33:14]	“l want those cameras there, and I want them there all the time.	我只希望无时无刻这些镜头都在这里
[33:18]	“because in front of those cameras,	因为不论有没有胶卷
[33:19]	“whether they got film in them or not,	这些镜头所代表的
[33:22]	“those are the eyes of the world,	是全世界给予的关注
[33:24]	And there are no cowards in front of a camera. “	而镜头面前无懦夫”
[33:34]	John Ercole was again one of the photographers.	约翰·厄科尔也是其中一名摄影师
[33:36]	The sniper, wherever he was,	狙击兵不管他在哪里
[33:38]	I’m in his sights.	我都在他的视线范围里
[33:40]	And I got to move back and forth in order…	当我在前后移动时
[33:43]	he’s trying to hit me in the foot	他试图射击我的脚
[33:45]	and keeps hitting the ground.	子弹不停地射向地面
[33:46]	I’m photographing this tank	我正在拍摄一架坦克
[33:49]	where our Marines are carrying some badly wounded Marines	陆战队员用肩膀扛起重伤员
[33:52]	on their shoulders and using the tank as protection.	并用坦克作为掩护
[33:57]	The tanks were a key element in the victory.	坦克师是制胜的关键
[34:03]	This footage was shot in color.	这个镜头拍摄时是彩色的
[34:05]	But like these pictures from inside a tank,	但和这些在坦克中拍摄的影片一样
[34:08]	it was released in black and white.	最后以黑白的形式发表出来
[34:19]	The last Japanese strongholds were the hills,	日军最后的堡垒是山丘
[34:21]	honeycombed with caves	和蜂窝状的洞穴
[34:23]	from which they had to be painfully rooted out.	美军必须艰难地铲除他们
[34:26]	The big thing on Saipan	塞班岛上的首要任务就是
[34:28]	was knocking these guys out up on the rocks.	把在岩石中的那些家伙赶出来
[34:31]	We had people speaking Japanese trying to get them to give up,	我们让会说日语的人劝说他们投降
[34:33]	and they were just shooting back.	但得到的回应只是子弹
[34:37]	In the marine corps, we took an oath	在海军陆战队我们宣过誓
[34:39]	that you were willing to die to save your buddy	你愿为你的同伴献出生命
[34:42]	and you’re willing to get shot up to save your buddies.	愿意为了救他们而受伤
[34:45]	And the Japanese took it a little further.	日本人的誓言比我们极端
[34:48]	Their oath was to die rather than give up.	他们誓死不降
[34:57]	They were told we had to kill our own children	日军告诉战士我们必须杀了自己的孩子
[35:00]	to get in the Marine Corps, or consume our parents as food	或吃了父母才能加入海军陆战队
[35:03]	and all kinds of stories that these people had been told.	以及各种各样的可怕故事
[35:07]	As always, only a handful of Japanese soldiers surrendered,	与往常一样只有少数的日军会投降
[35:11]	mostly it was civilians who gave up.	投降者多是平民
[35:13]	But even some of them were too terrified to do so.	但他们中有些人仍害怕这样做
[35:17]	There’s a shot on Saipan where I come across a woman.	有个镜头是我在塞班岛遇到的一位妇女
[35:20]	There ‘s a cut in the cliff, and she’s maybe 60 yards away from me.	这里有个悬崖她大约离我有五十米远
[35:24]	She’s got a child standing here,	她带着孩子站在那里
[35:26]	baby in her hand, and she spots me.	手上抱着婴儿她发现了我
[35:30]	She sees the camera, which is on a gun stock.	她看见挂在枪杆上的相机
[35:34]	she doesn’t know it’s a camera, so as I raise it up,	她不知道这是相机所以当我准备拍照时
[35:37]	she kicks this kid off the cliff,	她将孩子踢下悬崖
[35:40]	throws the baby off the cliff, and she takes a dive.	把婴儿丢下悬崖自己也跳了下去
[35:46]	Now, that’s all on film.	这些全被拍下
[35:47]	It only may be… four seconds?	全过程大概只有四秒钟
[35:51]	That’s the fear that these people were embedded with.	这就是这些人被施加的恐惧
[35:55]	This shot of the dead child,	这个死去的婴儿的镜头
[35:57]	one of the most pathetic images of the war,	是整个战争中最悲哀的景象
[36:00]	was not released at the time.	在当时并没有被公开
[36:07]	These paratroopers would be the first	这些伞兵将是最早
[36:08]	to breach Hitler’s Atlantic Wall.	打破希特勒大西洋壁垒的人
[36:11]	They would land in Normandy	他们会在诺曼底着陆
[36:12]	in the predawn darkness of June 6, 1944,	在1944年6月6日黎明前的黑暗中
[36:15]	forerunners of history’s greatest amphibious landing.	作为史上最具规模的两栖登陆先锋
[36:22]	The bombers were next.	接下来上场的是轰炸机
[36:25]	Every D-Day plane carried broad identifying stripes.	每个登陆日飞机上都标记了辨认条纹
[36:29]	This defense against friendly fire	这一防止友军误伤的措施
[36:30]	used up all the white paint in England.	几乎消耗了英格兰所有的白漆
[36:34]	Carl Voelker remembers that morning.	卡尔·沃尔克仍记得那个早上
[36:36]	On D-Day, we flew twice.	在登陆日我们飞了两次
[36:38]	We went out early in the morning. It was too dark to do much.	我们很早就出发天太黑效果不明显
[36:42]	I was photographing the bombs going down on the beach.	我负责拍摄投下海岸的炸弹
[36:46]	They brought sandwiches and coffee out to the runway.	他们带了三明治和咖啡到跑道上
[36:48]	We stayed with the plane.	我们和飞机待在一起
[36:49]	It was rebombed, refueled, and we went back out.	补给完成后我们再回去
[36:53]	We went across the Channel and we saw the boats and ships	我们穿过英吉利海峡看见南英格兰
[36:57]	from Tortie, which was Southern England,	托奇市的舰艇船只远道而来
[37:00]	all the way across, and it was quite a sight	看见这么多舰艇穿过英吉利海峡
[37:03]	to see so much equipment being moved across the Channel.	景象十分壮观
[37:08]	They were bumper-to-bumper.	他们一艘接着一艘
[37:14]	The troops passed the hours	士兵们在焦急的等待中
[37:16]	in the usual pastimes of anxious waiting.	打发着时间
[37:19]	But inescapably, they were alone with their thoughts.	但不可避免的他们个个思绪万千
[37:24]	And with the equipment on which,	谁敢想像除了依靠这些装备
[37:26]	luck aside, and who dared think about that,	和运气之外
[37:29]	their lives would depend.	他们的性命将维系在哪里
[37:32]	In that whole vast armada,	整个舰队中
[37:34]	Only one creature didn’t know what awaited him.	只有一只生物不知道将要发生的事
[37:37]	But even he was prepared for the worst.	但即使是它也做了最坏的打算
[37:40]	Still, the choppy Channel and the fear took their toll.	波涛起伏的海峡和恐惧依然对人造成了影响
[37:48]	As the day brightened, the gliders appeared,	随着天亮运兵机出现了
[37:51]	carrying more troops to assault the Germans	运送更多的士兵
[37:52]	from behind their lines.	从敌后袭击德国军队
[37:56]	Then the bombers, flying low, returned.	接着轰炸机低空飞行回来
[38:00]	But the second time, we went over low.	但在第二次我们飞得更低
[38:03]	Maybe 5,000 feet. It was exceptional for us.	有将近一千五百米这很不寻常
[38:05]	We never bombed down that low.	我们从没有在这么低轰炸过
[38:09]	Voelker’s bomb spotting was also exceptional,	沃尔克的投弹非常精确
[38:12]	steady and unerring.	稳定而精确
[38:17]	In most of the documentaries of World War II,	在大部分关于二战的纪录片中
[38:20]	you’ll see a chicken foot impression on the screen.	你都能看到屏幕上的像鸡足印的影像
[38:24]	That day I got static electricity in the camera.	那天我的相机产生了静电
[38:27]	The sparks appear in the gate,	闪光显现在镜头上
[38:28]	and it’s on every foot of film goes through the camera.	出现在相机的每一个胶卷上
[38:31]	That was my D-Day.	那就是我的登陆日记忆
[38:35]	“It was like a thousand 4th of Julys rolled into one, “	“就好像几千场节日的焰火聚集在一起”
[38:38]	An eyewitness said.	一位目击者描述到
[38:40]	But the naval bombardment came too soon.	但海军炮击开始得太早
[38:43]	It was too dark for accuracy, or for Walter Rosenblum’s camera.	天太黑不利于炮击精度和拍摄
[38:48]	I couldn’t go in on the first wave ’cause it was dark.	因为太黑我没有加入第一拨士兵
[38:51]	There was no way I could photograph.	我完全没有办法拍照
[38:53]	Boats going in, and then the landing craft came back	登陆舰开过去接着开回来
[38:56]	and loaded up another crew, and I went into that crew.	运送另一群士兵我加入了这群士兵中
[39:01]	It’s like you see in the movies.	正如你在影片中看到的
[39:02]	You climb down a rope ladder,	从绳梯上爬下来
[39:04]	and I went in on one of these landing craft.	我进入了其中一个登陆艇里
[39:09]	The men in these later waves would confront D-Day’s grimmest reality,	这批士兵将目睹登陆日最残酷的景象
[39:13]	the sight of their fallen comrades.	他们战友的尸体
[39:16]	And we landed on the beach,	我们在岸边登陆
[39:18]	and the thing that struck me first is	首先使我感到吃惊的是
[39:21]	I’d never seen a dead person in my life.	我之前从没有见过死人
[39:23]	I was surrounded by death.	但我现在却被尸体包围着
[39:25]	There was gis in the water,	士兵们躺在水里
[39:27]	Rolling up and back in the water.	随水浪漂浮
[39:29]	Blood all in the water, and it was a very frightening sight.	血流漂杵景象十分可怖
[39:38]	The Signal Corps cameramen lived with a bitter irony.	通信兵摄影师最后的遭遇十分讽刺
[39:41]	Almost the entire surviving photographic	几乎所有幸存的
[39:43]	record of D-Day on the American beaches	美军登陆日影像记录
[39:45]	was shot by Coast Guard cameramen.	都由海岸警卫队摄影师拍摄
[39:48]	The film exposed by Rosenblum	罗森布鲁姆和其他
[39:50]	and the other men of the 165th Photo Company on the beaches	第一六五摄影队队员所拍摄的登陆影片
[39:53]	would be lost.	都遗失了
[39:57]	By late morning, the beachhead was established.	那天早上迟些时候海岸被攻占了
[39:59]	By the end of the day,	那天晚些时候
[40:00]	the cameramen were ready to surrender their hard-won footage.	摄影师们准备好交出来之不易的镜头
[40:04]	We turned our footage in to the beachmasters,	我们把拍好的胶片交给登陆指挥官
[40:07]	And they sent a Colonel over	他们派来一位上校
[40:09]	who went to each beachmaster and picked up the film,	他到每个登陆指挥官那里取走胶卷
[40:13]	put it all in a duffel bag,	全部放进一个粗呢袋子里
[40:15]	put it on his shoulder and went out to a ship.	又把袋子抗到肩上上了一条船
[40:18]	Going up the side of the ship, he dropped it over the side,	走到船侧扔了袋子
[40:22]	and all the film was lost.	所有的胶卷都没了
[40:24]	There was just one exception.	当时只有一个例外
[40:26]	A cameraman named Dick Taylor.	一个叫迪克·泰勒的摄影师
[40:28]	He made this great shot.	拍摄了这段绝佳的影片
[40:31]	By default, these few seconds	因为遗失这数分钟的影片
[40:32]	constitute D-Day’s most famous footage.	成为了登陆日最著名的镜头
[40:37]	The only film you see,	你所能看到唯一的
[40:40]	American film from D-Day, was	美军登陆日的影像
[40:43]	our motion-picture guy that was with 1st Infantry Division.	是第一步兵师一位摄影师的作品
[40:48]	He got wounded, and he carried his film back with him,	他当时受了伤带着胶卷回来
[40:51]	and he got about three or four scenes before he got hit.	受伤之前他大约拍摄了三四个镜头
[40:56]	Much of Taylor’s footage is of combat’s aftermath.	泰勒的大部分镜头都是战斗后的景象
[41:00]	It is of men who have spent themselves in war,	那些在战争中精疲力尽的人们
[41:03]	trying to regather their strength.	试着重拾力量
[41:06]	They dig in.	他们挖掘战壕
[41:08]	They tend to their wounded.	照顾伤员
[41:12]	Mostly they register the shock of survival.	大部分人流露出幸存后的震撼
[41:15]	Their history has shrunk for the moment	他们的历史都被浓缩到这一刻
[41:18]	to this one terrible day.	在这个糟糕的日子里
[41:20]	They can see nothing but the awful shore	他们能看到的只有不久前才渡过的
[41:22]	they so recently crossed.	可怕的海岸
[41:24]	They are forced to contemplate	他们不得不思考
[41:26]	the deaths they by some miracle avoided.	自己的幸存是个奇迹
[41:31]	On D plus 1, the supplies rolled in.	登陆日后第一天补给送来了
[41:34]	So did the foul weather.	与之同来的是恶劣天气
[41:37]	Everywhere you looked off Omaha beach,	奥马哈海滩目所能及之处
[41:39]	boats and their crews were in peril on the seas.	船只和士兵们都性命堪忧
[41:46]	Walter Rosenblum was there shooting stills.	沃尔特·罗森布鲁姆依旧在拍照
[41:49]	so was his motion-picture partner, Val Pope.	和他一起的还有搭档瓦尔·蒲柏
[41:53]	There was a couple of sinking boats	那里有一些可能是被轰毁的
[41:54]	that I presumed had been shelled,	船只在下沉
[41:56]	and a young Army Lieutenant swam out with a life raft	一位年轻中尉乘救生筏游了出去
[42:01]	in order to bring back the people off the boat.	试图将人们带出沉船
[42:10]	When I started, I said to myself,	我开始拍摄的时候对自己说
[42:12]	“Walter, you’re a good swimmer. You have two alternatives.	“沃尔特你水性不错你有两个选择
[42:16]	“You can go out with him and help him bring them back,	你可以过去帮他救人
[42:19]	or you could photograph.”	或者在这里拍摄这个过程”
[42:21]	And at that moment I realized that my job	那一刻我意识到我的任务
[42:25]	was to take pictures, and that’s what I had to do.	是去拍摄那才是我必须做的
[42:41]	These stills and the perfectly matched movie footage	这些照片和完全相同的胶片影像
[42:43]	helped fill some of the gaps left by the lost D-Day pictures.	填补了登陆日那些丢失的镜头
[42:49]	Tragically, Val Pope would be killed in action	不幸的是瓦尔·蒲柏在几天后
[42:52]	a few days later.	阵亡了
[42:55]	The well-known picture of that sequence	当时一张著名的照片
[42:57]	was this young Lieutenant who was bending over a G.I.,	就是这个年轻中尉趴在一个士兵边上
[43:01]	giving him first aid.	给他做急救
[43:03]	He looked like the most heroic fellow	他应该是我这辈子见过的
[43:05]	I’d ever seen in my life.	最有英雄气质的人
[43:07]	I was happy to be able to make that photograph,	我很高兴能拍下那张照片
[43:09]	because to me it epitomized what the war was about.	因为这对我来说代表了战争的意义
[43:12]	People who came to fight for what they believed in.	是人们为了自己的信仰而战
[43:18]	Three weeks after D-Day,	登陆日之后的第三周
[43:20]	there were almost half a million well-supplied American soldiers in France.	在法国有近50万得到良好补给的美国士兵
[43:25]	Stephen Ambrose calls this logistical miracle	斯蒂芬·安布罗斯称这为后勤奇迹
[43:27]	the great achievement of the American people and system	二十世纪美国人民和制度
[43:30]	in the 20th century.	最大的成就
[43:32]	Who would dispute it?	谁会反对呢
[43:34]	Only, perhaps, the G.I.s	也许只有那些
[43:36]	still struggling to break out of their beachhead	被坚石堡垒和顽固的敌军
[43:38]	against unforgiving terrane and stubborn enemy.	永久困在滩头阵地的大兵们
[43:45]	On the ghostly beaches, the barrage balloons arose,	在可怕的岸边阻塞气球升起
[43:48]	protecting the masses of incoming supplies	试图掩护运来的大量补给
[43:50]	against the almost entirely absent Luftwaffe.	以防少量德国空军的袭击
[43:57]	Everywhere, casualties were counted.	每一处都在清点死伤者
[44:01]	They were heavy among the Airborne troops,	大部分伤亡来自空降部队
[44:03]	but the planners were ready for death, too.	但指挥官早已预料到会有伤亡
[44:07]	It was neatly registered.	死者清点得很有序
[44:10]	The high command and their tankers	最高指挥部及其所拥有的坦克
[44:12]	were less well-prepared for a unique and hazardous feature	对诺曼底独特而危险的地形
[44:16]	of Normandy’s topography.	准备不足
[44:18]	All through Normandy there,	贯穿整个诺曼底
[44:20]	it was all through hedgerow country.	满是灌木篱墙的乡村
[44:22]	They were about six foot high and six foot thick	这些灌木篱墙大约有两米高两米厚
[44:25]	and got trees growing out of the tops,	顶端长着树
[44:27]	and they’re real fortresses.	简直就像个堡垒
[44:29]	We could be digging in on one side of a hedgerow	我们从篱笆的一侧挖洞时
[44:31]	and the Germans would be digging in on the other side of it.	而德国人可能正从另一侧挖洞
[44:38]	There would be little openings	灌木墙有一些
[44:40]	with gates and stuff through them,	小门或小口子
[44:42]	and guys would have to attack through	士兵们只能从小门
[44:44]	those damn things or over the top of one.	或在缺口上方射击
[44:46]	The hedgerows, first planted in the middle ages,	中世纪时种下的灌木墙
[44:49]	frustrated the war of movement,	使部队无法行进
[44:51]	But not for long.	但只是暂时的
[44:53]	An Ordnance Sergeant	一位炮兵中士
[44:55]	figured out that he could weld	发现若在坦克前
[44:57]	two big prongs on the front of a tank,	焊上两个叉齿
[45:01]	and they’d dig into the hedgerow,	便能戳进篱笆墙里
[45:03]	and the tank would shove its way through a hedgerow.	坦克就能穿过篱笆墙
[45:06]	After we got that, it made it a lot simpler.	有了这方法就方便多了
[45:14]	Some 60 years ago,	大约六十年前
[45:16]	An anonymous German bureaucrat	一位不知名的德国军官
[45:18]	poked his finger on a map	把手指戳在地图上
[45:20]	and decreed that here, in this French farmer’s fields,	并宣令在这片法国农田
[45:23]	would be the site of these big coastal batteries.	修建一批反军舰炮台
[45:26]	They’re still there today,	它们今日依然屹立
[45:27]	silent yet ominous reminders	无言但不祥地
[45:30]	of the way in which war	提醒人们
[45:32]	intrudes itself on ordinary human life.	战争曾如何侵扰人民的日常生活
[45:35]	And yet that life has	然而生活有其
[45:37]	an amazing stubbornness.	惊人的坚韧性
[45:39]	The guns may thunder,	任凭枪声隆隆
[45:40]	but the fields must still be harvested.	田野依旧金秋结穗
[45:47]	The geese have to cross the road,	即使战车盈路
[45:50]	even if it’s choked with military traffic.	鸭鹅依旧横径而过
[45:53]	The ordinary skein	普通人的生活
[45:54]	of human life goes on,	仍将继续
[45:56]	and our cameramen recorded that, too.	我们的摄影师同样记录了这一切
[46:05]	The young liberators were	不当值的时候
[46:07]	bored, restless, coltish	年轻的自由战士们
[46:08]	when they were off duty.	百无聊赖活蹦乱跳
[46:10]	These American airmen discovered	这些美军飞行员们在一个
[46:11]	these horses in a Norman pasture.	诺曼底的牧场里发现了这些马
[46:14]	One of them was an Oklahoma cowboy,	其中一人曾是俄克拉荷马州的牛仔
[46:16]	who for a moment gracefully recaptured	那一刻他优雅地重现了
[46:18]	one of civilian life ‘s lost pleasures.	百姓生活中一种已失落的乐趣
[46:22]	It was not commonly known	很多人都不知道
[46:23]	that our preinvasion bombardment	我们进攻前的轰炸
[46:25]	killed a lot of French people who were	夺去了许多住在战线后的
[46:27]	living behind the line.	法国人的生命
[46:29]	I was always amazed at the fact	我总是惊讶于
[46:31]	that the French people I photographed	我曾拍摄的法国民众
[46:33]	didn’t blame the Americans	并不为所发生的事情
[46:34]	for what was taking place.	责怪美国人
[46:35]	They regarded us as liberators,	即使我们的炸弹夺取了
[46:37]	even though our bombs	当地人的生命
[46:38]	killed some of the people who lived there.	他们依然视我们为解放者
[46:42]	There was a sweetness in these welcomes,	这些欢迎是如此的友善
[46:44]	and a certain haste.	又是如此的匆忙
[46:46]	After the Normandy breakout,	在诺曼底突围后
[46:47]	It finally became a war of movement.	局面最终演变成了运动战
[46:51]	And for this Free French tank battalion,	拉斯·迈耶发现
[46:53]	it was a very personal war,	对这个法国坦克营来说
[46:55]	as Russ Meyer learned when he joined them.	这场战争事关己身
[46:58]	Right off the bat,	一刻不耽误
[46:59]	took our jeep with the tank.	我们就开吉普跟上坦克
[47:01]	the French tank.	那些法国坦克
[47:03]	we’d go right between them.	我们就在他们中间
[47:06]	His best wartime buddy, Bill Teas,	他最好的战友比尔·提斯
[47:09]	was already with the French unit.	已经和法国部队在一起了
[47:11]	He would lend his name to	迈耶后来以他的名字命名了
[47:13]	the title of Meyer’s first postwar erotic hit,	自己战后的一部大热电影
[47:15]	The lmmoral Mr. Teas.	《不道德的提斯先生》
[47:18]	Needless to say, the French tankers	毋庸赘言驶过故土时
[47:20]	were welcomed with special warmth	法国坦克兵受到了
[47:21]	as they rolled through their native land.	温暖的欢迎
[47:24]	The Americans were included in that welcome.	美国人也被包括在内
[47:27]	They would all say,	他们都说
[47:29]	“Oh, Americain. Tres bien.”	“美国人好样的”[法语]
[47:33]	There was danger on these roads, too.	路上同样险象环生
[47:35]	You go down the street, and the guy says,	我们在街上有个伙计说
[47:38]	“Stop! stop right now!	“停下立刻停下
[47:39]	“Don’t go. There’s a bunch of	别去那儿路那头
[47:40]	Germans down that road.	有一大堆德国人
[47:42]	Now get the hell out of there.”	快离开这儿”
[47:45]	Forewarned, they engaged in	得到了预警他们展开了一场
[47:46]	a brief, violent firefight.	简短而暴力的交火
[47:49]	This time, they took prisoners.	这一次他们捉到了俘虏
[47:52]	I’d love to know the guy today.	我很想认识一下那人
[47:53]	If we hadn ‘t been warned,	如果没有他的预警
[47:56]	we would have had our…	我们就…
[47:58]	they would have gotten our tonsils.	我们就完蛋了
[48:00]	But they weren’t always so lucky.	但他们并不总是如此幸运
[48:04]	In a later engagement,	随后一次交战中
[48:05]	they took heavy losses.	他们蒙受了巨大的损失
[48:07]	As was so often the case in tank battles,	正如坦克大战中常见的
[48:10]	the wounds were ghastly.	伤亡非常可怕
[48:12]	and hard to accept.	又难以接受
[48:14]	As some of the tankers struggled to	当一部分坦克兵拼命
[48:15]	free a trapped comrade,	营救被困住的同志时
[48:17]	others rethought the battle and refought it.	另一些人心有不甘再次上阵
[48:22]	There was a desire to protect the home front	他们渴望保护家园
[48:24]	from war’s harshest realities.	免受战争的残酷侵害
[48:26]	If these had been Americans,	如果他们是美国人
[48:28]	these pictures might not have been taken.	这些照片将不会被拍下
[48:31]	You didn ‘t want to get G.I.s.	你不想拍下美国士兵
[48:33]	You didn ‘t want a G.I. dying.	你不希望拍到美国士兵死去
[48:34]	If it was, I’d get something	如果真的是美国人
[48:35]	where at least the American wouldn’t be	我也会拍得让美国人
[48:37]	readily recognized.	无法辨认
[48:40]	I was concerned about their family	我担心他们的家庭
[48:41]	that would see somebody in the newsreels.	会在新闻片上看到家人
[48:45]	But Paris was nearly at hand,	但就在作战日后三个月内
[48:47]	less than three months after D-Day.	巴黎便已唾手可得
[48:50]	As the Liberators approached,	在自由战士们接近后
[48:51]	the Communist led underground	共产党发起了
[48:53]	rose against the Germans.	反德国地下运动
[48:57]	In the streets, the German tanks	秘密抵抗组织的成员们
[48:59]	were opposed by members	仅仅带着轻武器
[49:00]	of the resistance carrying only small arms.	在大街小巷阻击德国战车
[49:02]	Amazingly, they forced	令人惊讶的是他们强迫达成了
[49:04]	an uneasy truce.	一个脆弱的停火协议
[49:05]	It is possible they prevented	他们很有可能
[49:07]	the destruction of the city	阻止了希特勒
[49:09]	that Hitler had ordered.	下令进行的城市破坏
[49:22]	The honor of entering Paris first	法国自由部队获得了
[49:24]	was given to Free French Forces.	首先进入巴黎的荣耀
[49:27]	But as their leaders	但在他们领导人
[49:28]	boldly showed themselves,	大胆地亮相时
[49:29]	gunfire erupted.	枪声四起
[49:31]	There was De Gaulle	戴高乐在那里
[49:31]	And I forget which other officers were there.	我不记得其余的官员是谁了
[49:33]	I’m sure Leclerc had to be there.	我确定勒克莱尔一定在
[49:37]	The city had not been	德国军队和
[49:38]	cleared of German troops	法国通敌者
[49:39]	and their French sympathizers.	并未被彻底清出城市
[49:41]	They all came marching	游行途中
[49:43]	down the Champs Elysees	他们都到了
[49:44]	as part of this parade,	巴黎香榭丽舍大街
[49:47]	and there were snipers,	那里埋伏着狙击手
[49:49]	and there were shots fired.	他们开火了
[49:50]	And, of course, everybody ducked.	自然大家抱头鼠窜
[49:52]	The street fighting was	实际上巷战是
[49:54]	actually intense and deadly.	激烈而致命的
[50:01]	In many places, people were pinned to the ground,	在很多地方人们被压制在原地
[50:03]	unable to move.	动弹不得
[50:05]	The terror was palpable.	恐惧强烈得几乎可以触知
[50:14]	Reprisals against French collaborators	针对法国叛国者的复仇
[50:16]	were swift and harsh.	迅速而激烈
[50:20]	That was not the end of French vengeance.	法国通敌者的痛苦并未结束
[50:22]	We were advised of activity	我们被告知会举行
[50:24]	regarding collaborationists,	关于叛国贼的活动
[50:26]	and what they were doing is taking,	他们在这次活动中
[50:28]	in this case, women collaborationists	抓住女叛徒
[50:31]	and shaving their heads.	并剃光她们的头发
[50:32]	These are, I guess, women	我猜她们都是和
[50:34]	who had socially gone out	德国士兵出去约会
[50:37]	or played around with	或者和他们
[50:38]	some of the German soldiers.	打情骂俏的女人
[50:42]	The idea, as I understood it,	以我的理解这么做是为了
[50:44]	was that for weeks and months afterwards,	在随后的几周或几月之间
[50:47]	everybody would know who the	每个人都能知道
[50:48]	collaborationists were.	究竟谁是叛徒
[50:52]	For the most part, they said nothing.	大半的时间里她们一言不发
[50:54]	Some smiled and some	有些微笑以对
[50:56]	just stared straight ahead…	有些直视前方
[50:58]	And I guess tried to make the best of what	我猜他们是想在逆境中
[51:00]	they were faced with.	保持乐观
[51:04]	The Allies had first intended to bypass Paris,	同盟军本想绕过巴黎
[51:07]	but it was unavoidably in their path.	但它却是必由之路
[51:09]	Most of these soldiers did not stop.	大部分的士兵并未停下脚步
[51:12]	For them, Paris was just a quickly glimpsed place	于他们巴黎仅是他们胜利之路上的
[51:15]	on the road to victory.	惊鸿一瞥
[51:18]	In a smaller French city,	一个法国小镇上
[51:20]	Fred Bornet found the joy of liberation	弗雷德博尼特发现人们以一种更为
[51:22]	more freely expressed and more directable.	奔放直接的方式表达了自由的喜悦
[51:26]	The people were out in the street,	人们涌到大街小巷
[51:28]	and they were just absolutely ecstatic.	欣喜若狂
[51:33]	Hysterical with delight.	兴奋得发疯
[51:35]	And they hung bunting,	人们挂起彩带
[51:37]	and they’d lift glasses of wine.	人人举杯同庆
[51:40]	And what is so great is	最棒的是
[51:41]	that you don’t have a script.	这全是自发的
[51:43]	You seize those wonderful moments.	都是真实的美丽瞬间
[51:46]	And there were lots of girls,	有很多女孩子
[51:49]	flowers in their hair.	发间插着鲜花
[51:51]	They were sort of waving and greeting.	她们那样挥着手问候着
[51:53]	But they were not doing it…	但她们的动作里
[51:57]	with enough enthusiasm.	并没有足够的热情
[51:59]	I thought this is such a great moment.	我觉得如此美妙的时刻
[52:02]	It should be like the big parade.	应该像一场盛大的游行
[52:08]	So I said to the girl, “Look.	所以我跟她们说”听着
[52:11]	“When that stream of soldiers is walking by,	那队士兵走过来的时候
[52:15]	run against that stream and kiss them!”	你们直冲过去亲他们”
[52:26]	And I cried. There was a release.	我哭了那是一种释放
[52:30]	And then they offered me	然后他们给了我
[52:32]	soup and fried eggs	热汤和煎蛋
[52:35]	and they were waving flags.	人们挥舞着旗帜
[52:38]	You have a feeling that	你有一种感觉
[52:40]	you’re doing something that is worthwhile.	你做的事情都是有意义的
[52:45]	In the fall of 1944,	1944年秋
[52:47]	American eyes were fixed on Europe,	美国紧密关注着欧洲
[52:49]	where headquarters spoke,	指挥部宣称战争的结束
[52:51]	overconfidently, as it turned out,	指日可待触手可及
[52:53]	of the war’s end being in sight,	事实证明他们
[52:55]	almost within reach.	对此过于自信了
[52:57]	No such claims were made for the war in the Pacific.	太平洋战场依然无胜者
[53:00]	Combat there was as brutal	当地的战斗一如既往地
[53:02]	and furious as ever.	野蛮而激烈
[53:03]	But many of its fighting men	但许多战士感觉
[53:04]	felt isolated and ignored.	被孤立被无视
[53:07]	Navy cameraman Sam Sorenson.	比如海军摄影师山姆·索伦森
[53:09]	The Marines that I worked with	与我共事的海军陆战队员
[53:11]	were happy to have some	很高兴他们能
[53:13]	pictures taken of them.	留下一些照片
[53:15]	In the Pacific, they were so lonely.	在太平洋他们如此孤独
[53:19]	They never saw a woman.	他们从没见过女人
[53:21]	One of the reasons that I was happy to	我与海军陆战队员
[53:22]	work with the Marines	共事愉快的原因之一是
[53:25]	was because we got better	能拍到更好的
[53:27]	pictures of combat action.	战斗场面
[53:30]	Peleliu, September 1944.	贝里琉 1944年9月
[53:33]	The fury of the naval and air bombardment	海空轰炸
[53:34]	was unprecedented.	前所未有的激烈
[53:37]	For three days we shelled that thing.	我们密集轰炸了整整三天
[53:40]	When we approached those islands,	我们没经过小岛时
[53:42]	it looked like little, nice,	它看上去就像
[53:44]	green rolling hills.	延绵起伏的美丽小山
[53:46]	When we got through,	而我们过境之后
[53:48]	it looked like little, rugged, jagged mountains.	满地疮痍遍地焦土
[53:51]	There were little coral mountains	四处都伫立着
[53:53]	sticking up all over.	小小的秃山
[53:56]	I couldn ‘t believe anything	我无法相信那里
[53:57]	could live on there.	还能有任何活物
[54:00]	But the bombing was ineffective.	然而轰炸徒劳无功
[54:02]	The enemy remained safe in their bunkers.	敌人躲在掩体里安然无恙
[54:06]	So when the Marines started in,	当海军陆战队登陆时
[54:07]	there was an outer reef.	途径一个外礁
[54:10]	And they got hung up on that reef.	他们被卡在了那里
[54:13]	They were caught in Japanese crossfire.	军队陷入与日军的交火
[54:16]	So a lot of them had to unload there	许多人必须在那里卸下负载
[54:18]	and go on in with amphibious tractors.	换水陆两用车继续前进
[54:23]	Then when they hit the beach,	到达沙滩时
[54:26]	they got raked from	在那里
[54:27]	this “point” they call it.	他们遭到了扫射
[54:29]	The irony of Peleliu is	贝里琉的讽刺性在于
[54:31]	that it was unnecessary.	此战并不必要
[54:32]	General MacArthur thought he needed it	麦克阿瑟上将认为
[54:33]	to shield his invasion of the Philippines.	他需要借此掩饰他对菲律宾的进攻
[54:36]	Military historians now agree	军事史学家现在一致认为
[54:38]	that he did not.	他无需如此
[54:40]	The Marines took almost 50% casualties.	海军陆战队伤亡近半
[54:43]	They holed up in caves.	敌人藏在洞穴里
[54:45]	They never made banzai charges.	从不冲出来
[54:47]	And they had what they call “spider holes”,	他们还有称之为”蜘蛛洞”的东西
[54:50]	where one sniper would stand.	里面仅容得下一个狙击手
[54:52]	They finally would close them up.	最终大兵把这些洞封上
[54:55]	They’d blow them up and close the entrance.	堵上入口然后放火
[54:58]	Then the Japanese would	日本人就会从
[54:59]	come out of another hole.	另一个洞出来
[55:04]	It took two months to get them out.	花了两个月才把人都弄出来
[55:06]	They took maybe a hundred prisoners	在这次行动中
[55:07]	out of this whole thing.	俘虏了近百人
[55:09]	In the end, we had lost	最终我们失去近
[55:11]	something like 1,900 Marines,	一千九百名海军陆战队员
[55:15]	and we had to kill	还不得不杀掉
[55:17]	nearly 13,000 Japanese.	近一万三千名日本人
[55:22]	Meantime, the war in the	与此同时中缅印战区的
[55:24]	China-Burma-India theater continued,	战事依旧持续着
[55:26]	and Dave Quaid soldiered on.	而戴夫·奎德继续着他的战斗
[55:28]	It was a Thanksgiving air drop,	那是一次感恩节的空投
[55:30]	and President Roosevelt said,	罗斯福总统说
[55:32]	“No matter where your son or daughter is,	“无论你的儿女身在何方
[55:34]	“on land or sea or in the air,	大陆海洋抑或天空
[55:36]	He’s going to get a turkey dinner.”	他们都将享用一顿火鸡晚餐”
[55:38]	And I said, “That’s hogwash!”	而我说”瞎扯淡”
[55:40]	I said, “I’m going to photograph this drop	我说”我要拍下这次空投
[55:42]	and prove that it never happened. “	并证明这个承诺不会实现”
[55:49]	Aerial resupply had been taken over	空中再补给由欧洲新来的
[55:51]	by a new unit fresh from Europe.	小队接手
[55:53]	Their adjustment to the C.B.I. was poor.	他们对中缅印战区适应力极差
[55:56]	Coming in too fast and low,	投得太快太低
[55:58]	their drops were often inaccurate	落点常常不准
[55:59]	and often destroyed their cargo.	还经常弄坏货物
[56:02]	The plane was directly over	飞机就在我们所走的
[56:04]	the trail we were on.	小路的正上方
[56:07]	So I yelled to these	所以我向他们大吼
[56:09]	guys to get off the trail.	让他们从路上离开
[56:11]	In fact, the skinny, emaciated guy there	其实那个扛着相机
[56:12]	with the camera is me.	瘦弱憔悴的小伙子就是我
[56:14]	They scored a direct,	不知是不是意外他们朝着奎德
[56:16]	if accidental hit, on Quaid.	照直把东西扔了下来
[56:18]	The medics immediately assisted me,	医务人员也就是我的战友比尔
[56:21]	as did my buddy Bill.	立即救治我
[56:22]	His ordeal wasn’t over.	他的苦难并未结束
[56:23]	He is still moved by	比尔·布朗
[56:24]	Bill Brown’s willingness	舍命相救的事
[56:25]	to risk his life for him.	依旧感动着他
[56:27]	Here was this chute	有个降落伞直直地
[56:29]	coming down right on my face,	朝我头上掉下来
[56:31]	And I said, “Bill! Bill! look at that!”	我叫道 “比尔比尔又来一个”
[56:34]	And Bill got up,	比尔站起来
[56:36]	stepped across me, said, “I’ll get it.”	跨过我说”我来挡住”
[56:46]	So, there was a puff of wind,	然后起了一阵风
[56:49]	and it blew just past my head,	正好把它从我脸边吹了过去
[56:52]	And Bill didn’t have to sacrifice himself.	比尔也不需要牺牲他自己了
[56:55]	Dave Quaid’s war was finished.	戴夫·奎德的战争结束了
[56:58]	He would spend the rest of it in hospitals	战争余下的日子他将在医院度过
[57:00]	having multiple operations	他粉碎性骨折的腿
[57:01]	on his shattered leg.	将接受多重手术
[57:03]	Here I am, leaving the war,	我就那样离开了战争
[57:06]	taken out by a bag of mule feed.	被一袋骡食砸出了战场
[57:12]	In northern France,	法国北部
[57:13]	the fighting slowed as the snows came.	降雪减缓了战争
[57:16]	The bad weather helped mask	糟糕的天气隐藏了
[57:18]	a huge German buildup,	大队德国士兵的踪迹
[57:19]	twenty-four divisions	阿登森林边
[57:20]	near the Ardennes Forest.	集结了二十四个师
[57:23]	The ardennes were cruel in the sense	由于极度严寒
[57:25]	that it was critically cold	阿登的环境很残酷
[57:27]	and it was very difficult to find somewhere	并且很难找到
[57:30]	that you could hide from.	能躲避的地方
[57:33]	The Ardennes did not have big trees.	阿登森林没有大树
[57:36]	You had to be very careful	你必须非常谨慎
[57:38]	and get down at the base of a tree trunk…	还要躲在树干的底部
[57:43]	And dig as deeply as you could	尽你所能地
[57:44]	to protect yourself	挖到最深
[57:46]	from the standpoint of getting injured.	避免自己在站立点受伤
[57:49]	Or… finished.	或…阵亡
[57:53]	In December, the Americans man in this line	12月这条战线上的美军
[57:55]	were often isolated in small units.	常常分小队行动
[57:57]	Communications between them were poor.	队与队之间的通信很差
[58:04]	They were not expecting the battle	他们并未预料到12月16日
[58:07]	that began on December 16th.	发生的那场战斗
[58:09]	Many of the G.I.s fought tenaciously,	许多美国士兵顽强地战斗着
[58:12]	though they were often completely	但他们往往
[58:13]	surrounded by the enemy.	被敌人完全包围
[58:18]	The “Bulge”, Hitler’s	“楔形战役” 希特勒
[58:19]	last great gamble of the war,	在战争中最后一次的豪赌
[58:21]	eventually extended 50 miles eastward.	最终向东突围了五十英里
[58:23]	But it did not burst.	但并没有扭转战局
[58:25]	It’s hard to see from these pictures,	虽然从照片上很难看出来
[58:27]	but this engagement eventually	但这次战斗最后
[58:29]	involved more soldiers…	卷入了六十万士兵
[58:31]	600,000 of them…	比美国史上
[58:33]	than any battle in U.S. History.	任何一个战役都要多
[58:36]	20,000 Americans died in the Ardennes.	两万美军葬身阿登
[58:39]	Another 20,000 were wounded.	另有两万人受伤
[58:41]	Among them was a cameraman	他们之中有一个
[58:43]	named Jim Bates,	名叫吉姆·贝兹的摄影师
[58:44]	who had been in the war since D-Day.	他从登陆日起便投身于战争之中
[58:47]	At the Bulge, he did	楔形战役中
[58:48]	what a lot of gis did.	和许多美军士兵一样
[58:50]	He hitched a ride on a tank.	搭坦克便车
[58:52]	Their motors provided warmth.	它们的引擎能让人暖起来
[58:56]	I rattled this one tank and	我叫住那辆坦克
[58:57]	asked if I could ride on the back.	问我能不能坐在车背上
[58:59]	A lid flew open, and he says,	盖子滑开他问道
[59:01]	“Can you fire a machine gun?”	“你会用机关枪吗”
[59:03]	I said I had my basics with	我说我在第十一装甲师
[59:05]	the 11th Armored Division.	学了点皮毛
[59:06]	And the guys like picked	那些家伙几乎是
[59:07]	me up bodily practically	把我整个人抓起来
[59:08]	and put me in the bow gunner’s position.	放在了机枪的位置上
[59:12]	Bates didn’t know it,	贝兹并不知道
[59:13]	but he was heading into battle	他正走在和德国
[59:14]	with German tiger tanks.	虎式坦克战斗的路上
[59:18]	He grabbed these unique	他拍下了
[59:20]	shots of a German ambulance	一辆德国救护车
[59:21]	aiding one of their wounded tank crews.	为一位受伤的德国坦克兵治疗的画面
[59:24]	I could see that the number one tank	我能看见一辆敌军坦克
[59:25]	had passed an open area	经过开阔地段
[59:27]	and was firing uphill.	从坡上向我们开火
[59:30]	About that time, I could	当时我还能
[59:31]	hear this “Kah-thunk”,	听见炮弹掠过的声音
[59:32]	And the commander says,	指挥官说
[59:33]	“Get the hell out of here.	“快该死的离开这儿
[59:34]	They’re shooting on us board side.”	他们正从宽阔地射击我们”
[59:36]	About that time, that	就在那刻
[59:37]	second “whoom” came along,	第二次轰响又来了
[59:39]	And it felt like a train hit me in the back.	感觉就像背后被火车撞了
[59:42]	I didn’t know whether I was dead or alive.	我不知道自己是否还活着
[59:44]	I could hear him screaming,	我能听到他喊着
[59:45]	“If you’re not hit,	“你要是没被打中
[59:46]	get up as soon as you can.	就快点爬上来
[59:47]	If he starts that tank again,	要是他能开动坦克
[59:49]	he’s going to run over you. “	就会碾过你”
[59:50]	I looked back, and my camera was laying	我回头看见相机
[59:52]	under the tank treads.	就在坦克履带下
[59:54]	That’s what made me move,	那才让我动了起来
[59:55]	and on the radio they said,	他们在对讲机里说
[59:57]	“You get up here right	“快带一辆
[59:58]	quick with the medic’s jeep.”	医疗车过来”
[59:59]	They said, “A photographer’s been hit,	“有个摄影师被击中了
[1:00:00]	and there ‘s not enough of them left	已经没剩下多少人
[1:00:01]	to photograph the rest of the war. “	来拍摄接下来的战争场景了”
[1:00:03]	I said “I’ll ride on	我说”我坐发动机罩上吧
[1:00:05]	the hood, I don’t care, I said.	我不介意
[1:00:06]	“I could lay down. It’ll be a warm	我刚好可以躺在
[1:00:07]	place to be for a bit. “	暖和一点的地方”
[1:00:10]	Ignoring his wounds, Bates kept on shooting	即使身上带伤贝兹依旧在拍摄
[1:00:13]	as the tank rumbled toward the rear.	坦克轰隆隆地开向后方
[1:00:16]	Arosi saw me, the fellow	平时与我合作的
[1:00:17]	I’d normally work with.	阿罗西看见了我
[1:00:18]	He was my buddy and shooting partner, and he said,	他是我战友和摄影伙伴他说
[1:00:21]	“The hospital’s next door. I’ll take you. “	“医院就在附近我带你去”
[1:00:23]	I said, “Not yet. Get on your typewriter.	我说”等等把你的打字机拿来
[1:00:25]	I’m going to dictate to you	我要口述整件事情的
[1:00:26]	what, where, why and when.”	经过和细节”
[1:00:28]	He says, “you won’t quit, will you?”	他说”你不会死吧”
[1:00:30]	and I said, “No way.”	我说”绝对不会”
[1:00:32]	The situation remained fluid for days,	几天之内情况一直变化多端
[1:00:35]	especially for Doug Wood.	尤其是对道格·伍德来说
[1:00:38]	Ailing with flu,	因流感而不适的他
[1:00:39]	he took refuge in the	在一个指挥点的
[1:00:40]	basement of a command post.	地下室里休息
[1:00:41]	He sent his driver and	他把司机和摄影助手派去
[1:00:43]	stills man for more film,	拿更多的胶片
[1:00:44]	then fell asleep.	然后睡着了
[1:00:48]	He did not hear the order	着起火时
[1:00:48]	to evacuate the C.P.	他没有听见
[1:00:50]	when it came under fire.	疏散指挥部的命令
[1:00:54]	My still guy at that time was a	我当时的照相助手是个新人
[1:00:57]	new guy, a replacement.	他是替补
[1:00:58]	And he told the driver,	他对那个叫
[1:00:59]	whose name was Ivan Babcock,	伊万·巴布考克的司机说
[1:01:02]	“Babcock, there’s some guys	“巴布考克那里
[1:01:03]	over there in funny hats,	有些家伙带着滑稽的帽子
[1:01:05]	and I think they’re shooting at us.”	我想他们在朝我们开枪”
[1:01:06]	And the driver told me,	司机告诉我
[1:01:09]	He said, “l could see their	他说”我能看见他们的
[1:01:11]	tracers going past my nose.”	弹道擦过我鼻子”
[1:01:14]	But he wouldn’t stop.	但他没停下
[1:01:17]	like the other guys had stopped there,	有些人停住了
[1:01:18]	and they’d captured them.	就被抓了
[1:01:21]	He just drove on through and	他就那么开着车
[1:01:22]	let them keep shooting at him.	任那些人一直朝他们开枪
[1:01:26]	What Babcock drove through	巴布考克开车躲过的
[1:01:27]	was the Malmedy Massacre.	是马尔梅迪大屠杀
[1:01:29]	It was the war’s worst atrocity	那是战争中美国士兵
[1:01:31]	visited on American soldiers.	所经受的最严重的暴行
[1:01:33]	Somewhere between 71 and 129 G.I.s…	约七十一到一百二十九名美国士兵
[1:01:37]	the number remains in dispute…	他们的准确人数仍有争议
[1:01:39]	were rounded up and shot by S.S. troops.	被纳粹党卫军赶到一起并枪杀
[1:01:44]	They had infiltrated our lines,	他们渗入我军防线
[1:01:46]	some of them wearing American uniforms.	其中有人还身着美军制服
[1:01:50]	In this last-gasp German effort,	在这德军最后的反扑中
[1:01:51]	many of their troops were teenagers.	许多战士是青少年
[1:01:56]	The Germans all escaped	马尔梅迪大屠杀的德军
[1:01:58]	serious punishment for Malmedy	在战犯法庭上
[1:01:59]	at the war crimes trials.	都逃脱了严重处罚
[1:02:04]	The weather lifted in late December,	12月底天气转晴
[1:02:05]	and air operations resumed.	恢复了空中行动
[1:02:08]	I was fortunate enough, or unfortunate,	我很幸运或说不幸
[1:02:10]	whichever way you want to look at it,	这就看你从哪个角度来看了
[1:02:12]	to lead the greatest air	领导了二战中
[1:02:14]	combat battle of World War II.	最伟大的空中战役
[1:02:16]	There was eight of us.	我们有八架飞机
[1:02:18]	We had climbed up over the field,	我们飞到战场上空
[1:02:20]	and we were what they called “joining up”	我们当时正在集结
[1:02:22]	when 900 German	与此同时九百架
[1:02:23]	fighters made an attack	德军战斗机
[1:02:25]	on the front on	于1945年1月1日
[1:02:26]	January 1, 1945.	在前线发起了攻击
[1:02:28]	The squadron leader…	我们中队长
[1:02:29]	A squadron would normally be 12 airplanes,	一个中队一般有十二架飞机
[1:02:31]	but we had eight… he couldn’t see them.	但我们当时只有八架他看不见敌机
[1:02:34]	He said, “You take over the flight.”	他说”你来开吧”
[1:02:37]	and I dropped five of them right on the field.	我击落了五架敌机
[1:02:41]	The pilots, armed with their gun cameras,	装备着摄影机枪的飞行员们
[1:02:43]	were also combat cameramen.	同样是战地摄影师
[1:02:46]	Hitler had decided	希特勒决定
[1:02:48]	that he would deploy all	调动他手里
[1:02:49]	of the fighters he had	所有战斗机
[1:02:52]	to knock out the fighter fields	对空中战场发起毁灭式攻击
[1:02:55]	to support the Battle of the Bulge,	以支援楔形战役
[1:02:57]	and they were going to do it in early December,	他们欲于12月上旬展开作战
[1:02:59]	which would have been very effective.	那样效果本会很好
[1:03:02]	Weather wasn’t good.	但因天气不好
[1:03:03]	They put it off and put it off and said,	他们一次又一次地推迟日期说
[1:03:05]	“January 1st, these guys	“1月1日他们一定
[1:03:07]	will all be in bed. “	都在睡觉”
[1:03:12]	It was all over the front.	行动覆盖了整条前线
[1:03:13]	It wasn’t just at our field.	不仅仅是我们空中战场
[1:03:14]	It was at the British field.	还波及到了英国战场
[1:03:16]	It was at all the northern airfields.	整个北部空战区
[1:03:21]	I later got a hold of	后来我看过一些
[1:03:23]	Hermann Goering’s interviews.	对赫尔曼·戈林的访问
[1:03:25]	In those interviews, Goering said	戈林在那些采访中说
[1:03:28]	the largest loss that the German Luftwaffe ever had	德国空军最大的失利
[1:03:33]	was the loss on January 1 st.	是1月1日那场败仗
[1:03:35]	Mel Paisley, who was also	本片首席研究员
[1:03:37]	this film’s chief researcher,	梅尔·佩斯利
[1:03:39]	was decorated with	曾被授以
[1:03:40]	the distinguished service cross.	杰出服务勋章
[1:03:42]	Over the course of the war,	战争期间
[1:03:43]	he shot down nine planes.	他击落了九架敌机
[1:03:45]	The Battle of the Bulge	1945年1月7日
[1:03:48]	ended January 7, 1945.	楔形战役结束
[1:03:49]	Germany was now largely open to the allies.	同盟军如今几乎可在德国畅行无阻
[1:03:55]	Italy 1945.	1945年意大利
[1:03:57]	Dictator Benito Mussolini	独裁者贝尼诺·墨索里尼
[1:03:59]	was deposed and exiled.	被废黜并流放
[1:04:00]	The government surrendered,	政府宣布投降
[1:04:01]	and the populace turned viciously	民众们满怀敌意地
[1:04:03]	on their former allies.	开始反对前统治者
[1:04:07]	I went to the C.P.	我去了指挥部
[1:04:08]	to find out what was happening	想一探究竟
[1:04:10]	and was told they had captured Mussolini	被告知他们抓到了墨索里尼
[1:04:12]	and General Crittenberger	特里藤伯格将军
[1:04:14]	was to take his surrender.	准备去接受他的投降
[1:04:15]	I went down to the C.P.	第二天早上大约五点钟
[1:04:18]	about 5: 00 the following morning,	我去到指挥部
[1:04:19]	And here’s a limousine with	那里有一辆高级轿车
[1:04:21]	three German officers in it.	里面坐着三位德国高官
[1:04:23]	They’d been picked up by	他们是被
[1:04:23]	the 1st armored division.	第一装甲师抓住的
[1:04:24]	They’d run into a roadblock and captured.	他们开车撞到了路障并被抓获
[1:04:27]	I went to Crit and said,	我去找克里特问他
[1:04:29]	“What are you going to do?”	“你准备怎么办”
[1:04:29]	He said, “I’m going to	他说”我准备让
[1:04:30]	get this bird’s surrender.”	这帮鸟人投降”
[1:04:32]	I said, “What about Mussolini?”	我说”那墨索里尼怎么办”
[1:04:34]	he said, “Mussolini will have to wait.”	他说”墨索里尼也得等等”
[1:04:35]	I’ll never forget that line.	我从没忘记过这句话
[1:04:37]	He said to him,	他对他说
[1:04:38]	“General, we’re both professionals.	“将军我们都是专业人士
[1:04:40]	he said “You can’t get out.	你们不可能突围
[1:04:42]	The passes are all closed.	关卡全都封闭了
[1:04:43]	“The smart thing to do is	带利古里亚军投降
[1:04:45]	surrender the Ligurian Army.	才是明智的行为”
[1:04:47]	Which is the last intact enemy army.	那是最后一支完整的敌军
[1:04:51]	Went back to see Crit,	我回去见特里
[1:04:52]	and he was sitting on a rail	他正坐在栏杆上
[1:04:53]	and sort of dreaming, and he said,	在发呆他说
[1:04:56]	“Montagne, do you know that	“蒙坦格知道吗
[1:04:57]	every cadet at West Point	西点军校里的每一个军官学员
[1:04:59]	dreams of the day when	都梦想着敌军
[1:05:01]	an enemy army surrenders to him.	向他投降的那一天
[1:05:04]	Today it happened to me.”	今天我终于看见了”
[1:05:06]	Crittenberger’s decision	特里藤伯格的决定
[1:05:07]	doomed Mussolini,	将墨索里尼和
[1:05:08]	his mistress, Clara Petacci,	他的情妇克拉拉·贝塔西
[1:05:10]	and other fascists	以及其他法西斯的命
[1:05:11]	to death at the hands of partisan guerillas.	送到了党游击队的手上
[1:05:14]	Their bodies were displayed in Milan.	在米兰他们被悬尸示众
[1:05:16]	It had been going on for quite some time	当我们到那儿时
[1:05:18]	when we got there.	已经有好一阵子了
[1:05:20]	And we photographed what we could.	我们拍下所能拍到的一切
[1:05:23]	We got the crowds.	我们拍下人群
[1:05:24]	We got Mussolini hanging upside down,	我们拍下被倒吊着的墨索里尼
[1:05:27]	Petacci alongside him.	以及他身侧的贝塔西
[1:05:29]	I remember her skirt had fallen over her face,	我记得她的裙子落到了她的脸上
[1:05:32]	And a woman came and pinned her skirt	一个女人去把她的裙子
[1:05:34]	between her legs so she wasn’t exposed.	别在双腿间以免走光
[1:05:38]	They cut him down… I remember he got his head hit…	他们把他割下来我记得他摔到了头
[1:05:40]	And picked him up.	然后抬起他
[1:05:42]	The partisans were running it. We had nothing to do with it.	这都是游击队组织的我们并没有参与
[1:05:50]	They took them over to the morgue.	他们把夫妇带到停尸房里
[1:05:52]	There were bodies all over the place.	那里到处都是尸体
[1:05:54]	You had to walk on two or three bodies to get to where Mussolini was.	你必须走过两三具尸体才能找到墨索里尼
[1:05:58]	And I asked the morgue attendant,	我问停尸房工作人员
[1:06:01]	“Can you get him in the light?”	“你能把他移到光线下吗”
[1:06:03]	He said, “Lieutenant, if I move him, his head will fall apart. “	他说”中尉如果我碰他他头就会掉下来”
[1:06:07]	So he got Petacci, pulled her over	他把贝塔西拉过去
[1:06:08]	and put her head on his shoulder.	把她的头摆在他肩膀上
[1:06:10]	Became quite a famous shot.	那变成了一张著名照片
[1:06:16]	Meantime, Nazi Germany was in its death throes,	同时纳粹德国也即将覆灭
[1:06:19]	But it desperately fought on.	但是它依然垂死挣扎
[1:06:21]	Everything that could happen to me,	从摄影角度来说
[1:06:24]	Photographically speaking, did happen that day.	那天我拍到所能拍到的最佳画面
[1:06:29]	The place was Cologne.	在科隆
[1:06:30]	The date was March 6, 1945.	1945年3月6日
[1:06:33]	The street fighting was intense.	巷战非常激烈
[1:06:38]	It was often impossible to tell soldiers from civilians.	通常很难区分士兵和平民
[1:06:41]	Sometimes the victims caught in the crossfire	有时交火中负伤的受害者
[1:06:43]	were entirely innocent.	完全无辜
[1:06:47]	By this time we had a new T-26.	那时我们有了新型T-26坦克
[1:06:49]	The T-26 was so far ahead of the old Shermans, it was unbelievable.	比老式的谢尔曼坦克要先进的多
[1:06:54]	This German tank was sitting in front of the Cologne Cathedral.	有一辆德国坦克驻守在科隆大教堂前
[1:06:57]	It had knocked out a number of our tanks and causing havoc.	它已经击坏了我们的很多坦克造成极大损失
[1:07:01]	They had control over that whole area.	他们控制了那整个区域
[1:07:05]	Bates followed the tank into battle,	贝兹跟随坦克进入战场
[1:07:07]	and, scrambling for position,	然后勉强找到一个位置
[1:07:09]	got this great footage of armored combat.	拍下了这段伟大的铁甲之战
[1:07:12]	I heard our T-26 coming up.	我听到我们的T-26坦克过来
[1:07:15]	The first shot went in	第一发炮弹
[1:07:16]	and cut the legs off of the tank commander in the Tiger.	打断了虎式坦克指挥官的腿
[1:07:21]	In the film you can see the armor-piercing shell	影片中你能看到穿甲弹
[1:07:24]	Going through the bottom of the picture.	飞过画面底部
[1:07:27]	Immediately, the driver and bow gunner, they climbed out,	很快地驾驶员和机炮手爬了出来
[1:07:31]	But the second shot shrapnel had gotten them, too.	但是第二发榴弹炮干掉了他们
[1:07:34]	The concussion from that 90-millimeter gun	九十毫米机关炮的冲击波
[1:07:37]	is so tremendous that it would just blow me off my picture,	如此之大镜头都震歪了
[1:07:41]	and I’d have to get back on it again.	我必须不断稳住镜头
[1:07:43]	I couldn’t use a tripod. I had to hand hold it.	我不能用三脚架只能用手拿着
[1:07:48]	The tank commander that had his legs cut off	断腿的坦克指挥官
[1:07:50]	just laid on top of his tank and	躺在坦克顶上
[1:07:52]	burned up in front of the camera.	在镜头前烧了起来
[1:07:55]	That thing was burning even the next morning.	坦克一直烧到第二天早晨
[1:07:58]	After it was all over, there was still smoke coming out of it	火灭以后还有烟从中冒出
[1:08:00]	because it had so much ammunition and what not in it.	因为它装了太多弹药
[1:08:05]	Two months and one day later, the war in Europe was over.	两个月零一天后欧洲的战争结束
[1:08:11]	Its dead, its “crusaders” as General Eisenhower called them,	战争的”殉道者” 如艾森豪威尔将军所说
[1:08:14]	rest in cemeteries all over Europe.	长眠于欧洲各处公墓中
[1:08:17]	If anything, their deeds are more revered now	他们的功绩在今天
[1:08:19]	than they were at the time.	愈发令人敬畏
[1:08:22]	Some of their immortality derives from the photographic record.	其中很多人因影像资料而名垂青史
[1:08:26]	The combat cameramen recorded the last days,	战地摄影师记录下了他们最后的
[1:08:30]	hours, moments, even the last breath of many of those who lie here.	日子瞬间甚至是最后一口呼吸
[1:08:35]	It isn’t something that they talk about very much.	摄影师对他们的作为从不声张
[1:08:38]	It was, as they say, just a part of their job.	他们说”这只是我工作的一部分”
[1:08:43]	But it was a more important job than they knew.	但这工作的重要性远超于此
[1:08:46]	For the film they made is now beginning to outlive memory.	记忆会消逝而影片不会
[1:08:51]	Eventually it will be the only recollection made on the spot	最终影片会成为当时战事的唯一佐证
[1:08:55]	of how our citizen soldiers lived,	见证战士们如何生存
[1:08:58]	fought and died.	战斗和阵亡
[1:09:01]	The cameramen in Europe had one more duty to history.	欧洲的摄影师还有一项历史重任
[1:09:04]	It was unquestionably their most important one.	无疑也是最重要的一项
[1:09:07]	That was recording the horrors of the death camps.	便是记录集中营的恐怖景象
[1:09:10]	At Dachau, Walter Rosenblum was too shocked to shoot.	在达豪沃尔特因过于震惊而无法拍摄
[1:09:14]	These pictures were made by others.	此片段由他人拍摄
[1:09:17]	There was a group of boxcars.	那里有一列货车车厢
[1:09:19]	I climbed up the boxcar to see what was inside.	我爬上车厢想看看里面是什么
[1:09:22]	And the boxcar was full of dead people,	车厢里全是死人
[1:09:24]	and there were about 30,40 boxcars along that road.	而铁轨上有三四十节车厢
[1:09:28]	When I looked in, I was so shocked.	看到里面的情景我太过震惊
[1:09:30]	Could you imagine, not having seen anything like that before,	你能想象吗我一生从未见过如此惨象
[1:09:34]	To see a boxcar full of dead, emaciated people?	突然看到满车骨瘦如柴的死尸
[1:09:39]	At that particular moment,	在那一瞬间
[1:09:40]	I forgot I was a photographer.	我忘记了自己是个摄影师
[1:09:42]	I was just overcome by it all.	我完全被惊呆了
[1:09:45]	I was on assignment with Ellis Carter,	我和埃利斯·卡特一同执行任务
[1:09:47]	and we went into Germany to cover bomb damage	我们前往德国拍摄盟军空军的
[1:09:50]	that was done by the allied air power.	轰炸效果
[1:09:53]	On april 11th, the 3rd U.S. Army liberated Buchenwald,	4月11日美国陆军第三师解放了布痕瓦尔德
[1:09:57]	And when we heard of this, we immediately drove over there.	我们听说此事后立刻开车前往
[1:10:01]	What the cameramen found behind these gates	摄影师在这扇门后发现的情况
[1:10:04]	was beyond their imagining,	远超他们的想象
[1:10:06]	but the inhumanity they recorded	他们所记录下的残暴
[1:10:08]	is literally undeniable.	不容辩驳
[1:10:10]	As a soldier in the American army,	作为一名美军士兵
[1:10:12]	I had no knowledge of these camps	我根本不知集中营的存在
[1:10:14]	and had not heard anything about it.	之前也从未听说过
[1:10:19]	It was horrible.	太恐怖了
[1:10:20]	There was bodies stacked up like cordwood.	尸体像木材一样堆积成山
[1:10:25]	We judged them to be about 60 to 80 pounds in weight,	我们估计他们只有六七十斤重
[1:10:28]	And people were actually dying, day by day,	即使在集中营被解放后
[1:10:32]	even after the camp was liberated.	每天依然有人死亡
[1:10:36]	Many of the prisoners could not speak English, of course,	很多囚犯都不会说英语
[1:10:39]	but they raised their hands to us	但他们向我们伸出手
[1:10:41]	and showed their gratitude for us freeing them.	感谢我们解救了他们
[1:10:45]	This camp had about 20,000 survivors at the time of liberation,	这个集中营在解放时有两万名幸存者
[1:10:49]	And about 8,000 of them were children.	其中八千为儿童
[1:10:57]	There was a section where they displayed tattooed skins	营中有一处用来展示纹身人皮
[1:11:01]	Which were made into lampshades and book covers.	这些人皮被做成灯罩和书皮
[1:11:05]	The German commandant’s wife would select tattooed men	德军高官之妻会挑选有纹身的人
[1:11:10]	to be doomed to die and then use their skin.	将其处死取其皮肤
[1:11:14]	After a few days, the German civilians of the town	几天后居住在布痕瓦尔德附近
[1:11:18]	right next to Buchenwald called Weimar	一座叫魏玛镇的平民
[1:11:22]	were paraded through on a tour of the camp to show the atrocities	被带来亲眼目睹集中营的惨象
[1:11:26]	and to show them what the Germans had done.	向他们展示德国人的罪行
[1:11:32]	Many of them wouldn ‘t even look at the torture or the bodies.	很多人都不敢看那些饱经折磨的尸体
[1:11:38]	Some of them were crying.	有些人在哭泣
[1:11:39]	Some of them had their mouth and nose covered	有些人尤其是女性
[1:11:42]	with their handkerchiefs, especially women.	用她们的手巾捂住嘴鼻
[1:11:46]	So, in the filming that we did, you could see this evident	所以在我们拍摄的影片中你能看到
[1:11:51]	where they just kept going through	他们埋头前行
[1:11:53]	because they had to.	因为他们不得不如此
[1:11:54]	They weren’t too interested in looking at the…	他们不敢直视…
[1:11:58]	at the atrocities.	这暴行
[1:12:05]	There was a lot of people that didn’t believe in this.	很多人都不相信这是真的
[1:12:08]	They didn’t believe that it happened.	他们不信发生了这样的事
[1:12:10]	But here we had it on film.	但我们有胶片作证
[1:12:14]	I think in all the time that I was over there,	我想在我经历的战事中
[1:12:16]	this experience stood out pretty much in my mind.	这段记忆最难以磨灭
[1:12:20]	It took a while to get over it.	我花了很久才平息心境
[1:12:22]	It was something that you wouldn’t want to see,	那是你不想再次看到景象
[1:12:26]	you wouldn’t want to go through again.	你不想再经历一次
[1:12:30]	The horrors of the concentration camp	集中营的惨象
[1:12:32]	had a more immediate effect on Art Mainzer.	对阿特·迈因策尔有更直接的影响
[1:12:35]	After what he had seen, he yearned for normalcy.	目睹惨剧后他渴望正常生活
[1:12:39]	I met her in Paris	我和她在巴黎相识
[1:12:41]	the day before the Battle of the Bulge started.	早在”楔形战役”之前
[1:12:44]	Believe it or not, we were walking down the boulevard	信不信由你我当时在林荫大道上行走
[1:12:46]	and it started snowing, and my buddy and I	天空开始下雪我和我伙计
[1:12:50]	saw these two lovely looking ladies under an umbrella.	看见了两位美丽的女士打着伞
[1:12:53]	So we sneaked in under the umbrella with them	然后我们钻到伞下
[1:12:56]	and introduced ourselves.	并介绍了自己
[1:12:58]	I made the decision	在执行完
[1:12:59]	after I covered the Buchenwald assignment.	布痕瓦尔德拍摄任务后
[1:13:03]	I said, “If I ever get back to France alive,	我决定如果我能活着回法国
[1:13:05]	I’m going to ask Germaine to marry me. “	我就要向杰敏求婚
[1:13:09]	Being a camera unit, we had three 16-millimeter cameras	作为摄像师部队我们有十六毫米照相机
[1:13:13]	and a couple of speed graphics for the still photos.	和几台快速成片相机
[1:13:17]	We had gotten some cases of champagne	我们找到了几箱德国人
[1:13:19]	that the Germans had looted from the French.	从法国掠夺走的香槟酒
[1:13:22]	So we got it back to France.	我们把酒又夺回了法国
[1:13:24]	And a lot of French people showed up	来了很多法国人
[1:13:26]	because in this suburb of Paris they had not had a formal wedding	因为在占领时期的法国郊区
[1:13:30]	like this during the occupation.	他们很久没有举行过像样的婚礼
[1:13:33]	So it was quite an event for them.	所以对他们来说也是大事
[1:13:35]	It was a June wedding,	婚礼在6月举行
[1:13:36]	the month after V.E. Day.	也就是欧战胜利日的一个月后
[1:13:39]	These pictures were his unit’s gift to the bride and groom.	这些影像是他的小队送给新娘和新郎的礼物
[1:13:42]	The Mainzers would live their lives together in the United States	迈因策尔一家后来幸福的生活在美国
[1:13:45]	until Germaine passed away in 1998	直到杰敏于1998年去世
[1:13:48]	after almost 53 years of marriage.	他们相伴了近五十三年
[1:13:55]	Iwo Jima, February 1945.	硫磺岛 1945年2月
[1:13:57]	As the Americans came closer to the Japanese mainland,	随着美军不断向日军控制的岛内逼近
[1:14:00]	fighting in the Pacific grew still more bitter.	太平洋之战变得更加残酷
[1:14:04]	The bombardment crumbled one side of Iwo’s key bastion,	炮击粉碎了硫磺岛一侧的主要工事
[1:14:07]	mount Suribachi.	摺钵山
[1:14:08]	But it took five bloody days for the Marines	但海军陆战队血战了五天
[1:14:10]	to fight their way to its summit.	才夺取了山顶制高点
[1:14:13]	When the Marines set out to place a conqueror’s flag on Suribachi,	当陆战队员准备在摺钵山插上占领旗帜时
[1:14:16]	they still encountered resistance.	敌军仍有抵抗
[1:14:19]	But they persevered, and the flag was raised.	但他们坚持不懈竖起了旗帜
[1:14:23]	Unfortunately, it lacked properly heroic proportions.	可惜的是画面缺乏英雄主义气息
[1:14:26]	Something would have to be done.	而英雄主义不可或缺
[1:14:28]	It was too small to be seen by anybody.	旗太小看起来很不起眼
[1:14:30]	So the commanding General down there	所以当时的将军指挥官
[1:14:32]	figured we better get a bigger flag.	决定用一面更大的旗
[1:14:34]	So they went out and got some of the LSTs that were there,	于是他们跑去岸边找登陆舰
[1:14:38]	and one of the LST commanders said, “When we stopped at pearl,	一位登陆舰指挥官说”我们在珍珠港时
[1:14:41]	we got a big flag, but we’ve never flown it. “	找了一大面国旗但还从来没用过”
[1:14:43]	My boss came to me and said,	我的长官对我说
[1:14:44]	“Would you make sure we send photographers up.	“你去派几个人摄影师上去
[1:14:47]	This is going to be considered the official flag raising. “	因为这才算是官方版的升旗”
[1:14:49]	So I said sure and I got in touch with Genaust and Bob Campbell.	我说好的然后找到杰诺斯特和鲍勃·坎贝尔
[1:14:53]	Bill Genaust was the movie man, Bob Campbell the still.	杰诺斯特是摄影师鲍勃是照相师
[1:14:55]	They hooked up with Rosenthal going up the hill.	他们和罗森塔尔一起爬上山
[1:14:58]	That was Joe Rosenthal of the Associated Press,	这位就是美联社的乔·罗森塔尔
[1:15:01]	a civilian photographer who had taken these pictures of the landing.	一位民间摄影师这些登陆照就是他拍的
[1:15:07]	These are the shots Genaust took on that second climb.	这些是杰诺斯特第二次上山时拍下的画面
[1:15:11]	A few days later, he would be killed in action.	几天后他阵亡了
[1:15:13]	He would not live to see the images he made.	他无法亲眼看到自己拍下的影像
[1:15:18]	People would always contest whether or not this was the first	人们总是在争论
[1:15:20]	or whether the other one was the first,	哪张照片照的更早
[1:15:24]	But Bob Campbell didn’t like the position	鲍勃·坎贝尔当时觉得
[1:15:26]	that the other two cameramen were in,	其他两位摄像师所站位置不佳
[1:15:28]	So he got over to the side,	所以他往旁边移了移
[1:15:30]	and he ‘s got a beautiful picture of the first flag coming down	照下了第一面旗降下时
[1:15:32]	and the second going up at the same time.	第二面旗升起的美丽照片
[1:15:36]	It was Rosenthal, however,	但最终罗森塔尔
[1:15:37]	who got the immortal shot	拍下了那张不朽的照片
[1:15:39]	and a lifetime’s controversy,	以及不休的争议
[1:15:41]	for he shipped all his pictures back	因为他是第一位将照片
[1:15:42]	unseen and undeveloped.	发回美国的人
[1:15:45]	Joe gets on a boat about four days later and goes to Guam,	乔四天后乘军舰前往关岛
[1:15:49]	and he’s bombarded by press guys there saying,	在那里他被记者围堵
[1:15:52]	“what was this picture?”	他们问”这是什么照片”
[1:15:53]	They had seen it now,	他们都看过照片
[1:15:55]	but they wanted to know what he thought about it.	但他们想知道乔是怎么想的
[1:15:57]	He says, “I don’t know.	他问”你们说的是哪张
[1:15:58]	Maybe it’s that picture I posed with the men under the flagpole	是不是我和战士们在旗下摆拍的那张照片
[1:16:03]	in the typical ‘banzai, raising their rifles.”	我们举着枪高呼万岁
[1:16:06]	And that word “posed” got into the lexicon of the problem.	而”摆拍”这词立刻造成了争议
[1:16:11]	It’s hung in there for years and years and years.	争议持续了很长时间
[1:16:14]	That thing we have fought for 50 years to try to straighten out.	我们五十年来一直努力澄清
[1:16:18]	I thought at the end of the 50th anniversary we had it resolved,	我本以为这事在五十周年纪念时已平息
[1:16:22]	but I think it’ll probably go on for another 50.	但我觉得恐怕争议还会再持续五十年
[1:16:25]	The comparison between the movie footage	通过对比胶片资料
[1:16:27]	and Rosenthal’s image is definitive.	和罗森塔尔照片一致
[1:16:30]	He took exactly the same shot Genaust did	他和杰诺斯特拍摄的画面完全一样
[1:16:32]	from virtually the same position.	站位几乎完全相同
[1:16:39]	This controversy, to some degree,	争议在某种程度上
[1:16:41]	masks the real story of Iwo Jima,	掩盖了硫磺岛战役的真相
[1:16:44]	its cost.	巨大代价
[1:16:45]	Almost 7, 000 Marines died here,	约七千海军陆战队员
[1:16:48]	along with 21, 000 Japanese.	及两万一千名日军阵亡
[1:16:51]	The Marines were awarded 27 Medals of Honor,	海军陆战队被授予二十七枚荣誉勋章
[1:16:55]	more than in any other engagement.	多于任何其他战役
[1:16:59]	Manila, spring of 1945.	马尼拉 1945年春天
[1:17:02]	It was now, unquestionably,	在此时毫无疑问
[1:17:04]	“war without mercy” as one historian called it.	正如史学家所说”毫不怜悯的战争”
[1:17:07]	The fires the Japanese set destroyed 70% of the city.	日军纵火烧毁了城市的七成
[1:17:10]	They killed 100,000 civilians in an orgy of destruction.	覆灭前他们疯狂地屠杀了十万平民
[1:17:15]	This act of vengeance on an innocent population	这场对无辜百姓的报复
[1:17:17]	was recorded by Don Honeyman.	被唐·霍尼曼记录了下来
[1:17:20]	The next day, the infantry was moving into the city,	第二天步兵进入城市
[1:17:23]	and we got some very good street fighting.	巷战非常激烈
[1:17:33]	Honeyman then joined forces	霍尼曼随后加入
[1:17:35]	surrounding the Presidential Palace outside the city.	围攻市外总统府的部队
[1:17:38]	We were leaving the Palace aside and going to the gardens,	我们暂时放弃总统府转而前往花园
[1:17:41]	which included the other side of the river.	花园包括河两岸
[1:17:43]	We had the north bank of the river,	我们占据了河北岸
[1:17:45]	and they had the south bank.	他们控制着南岸
[1:17:48]	So we made a crossing of the river in assault boats.	所以我们乘坐突击艇准备登陆
[1:17:53]	I watched one wave of boats go over,	我看一波船过去了
[1:17:55]	and they didn’t seem to have trouble.	似乎没有什么麻烦
[1:17:57]	So I figured it was safe to go on the second one.	所以我决定跟第二波走
[1:18:01]	We got out in the middle,	驶到河中央时
[1:18:02]	and the Japanese began to shoot at us	日军开始向我们射击
[1:18:05]	from the side of the river which we thought was ours,	炮火来自我们自认为安全一边
[1:18:08]	which we thought was hardly fair.	这对我们太不利了
[1:18:15]	The Americans brought up armored amphibious vehicles	美军派来了装甲两栖车
[1:18:17]	to bring their troops safely to shore.	送部队安全上岸
[1:18:21]	We came across a B.A.R. man	我们碰见一个布朗宁自动步枪兵
[1:18:23]	who happened to be down on his elbows	他正好趴在一块标志旁
[1:18:26]	next to a sign saying, “Please do not pick the flowers. “	上面写着”不准采花”
[1:18:33]	In the city, fighting remained intense.	在城市中战斗依然激烈
[1:18:35]	A Japanese strongpoint was the Legislative Palace.	立法大楼是日军的一处重要据点
[1:18:40]	Eight-inch howitzers lined up side by side,	八英寸榴弹炮并肩排开
[1:18:43]	practically firing point-blank.	直接开打
[1:18:48]	Simply taking down the building stone by stone, practically.	把建筑一块一块的拆掉
[1:18:53]	Despite the incredible firepower leveled at them,	尽管被重火力侵袭
[1:18:56]	the Japanese hung on in the ruined palace.	日军依然坚守着大楼废墟
[1:18:58]	Infantry would have to root them out.	步兵必须将他们个个清除
[1:19:01]	Next day I went to cover	第二天我去拍摄
[1:19:03]	the transfer of civil government from MacArthur to the Filipinos.	麦克阿瑟向菲律宾人移交国民政府
[1:19:09]	And he said very proudly how Manila was now secure.	他很骄傲的说马尼拉现在安全了
[1:19:14]	And I said, “All except the legislative building.”	我心想”除了立法大楼以外”
[1:19:17]	Okinawa, Easter Sunday.	冲绳岛复活节
[1:19:20]	The idea was to stage the invasion of Japan from this large island.	美军准备以此岛为跳板进攻日本
[1:19:24]	Rather innocently, Lloyd Durant	劳埃德·杜兰特临时起意
[1:19:26]	decided to shoot a film on combat cameramen here.	决定拍下这里的战地摄影师
[1:19:29]	What better subject to put on film	还有比战地摄影师的故事
[1:19:33]	Than the story of the combat cameraman,	更好的拍摄题材了吗
[1:19:37]	who was practically unknown at the time.	他们当时不为人所知
[1:19:42]	We knew that our next operation was coming off in the Pacific.	我知道我们下次行动在太平洋进行
[1:19:47]	So I said, “let me go out there,	我就想”让我去那里
[1:19:49]	let me find the cameramen we have out there,	找到那里的摄影师
[1:19:53]	and presumably they will be in on the action, whatever it may be,	估计他们正在执行任务
[1:19:57]	and I want to be there photographing them photographing the action. “	我要拍下他们拍摄别人的画面”
[1:20:03]	So we hit the beach at Okinawa.	我们登上了冲绳沙滩
[1:20:09]	There I was, working with these guys,	我在那里和他们一起工作
[1:20:12]	creeping in foxholes, squirming along the beach	爬在散兵坑里匍匐在沙滩上
[1:20:16]	and trying to keep the sand out of the camera	试图让沙子不要进到摄像机
[1:20:19]	and out of my mouth,	或进到我的嘴里
[1:20:20]	and they’re trying to do the same thing.	他们也在做同样的事
[1:20:24]	Also, there were a few bullets flying around.	同时子弹零星飞过
[1:20:28]	The battle would continue for three months.	战斗持续了三个月
[1:20:31]	Among the casualties, the worst of the war,	战争中伤亡最重的
[1:20:34]	was a cameraman.	就是摄影师
[1:20:36]	He was a Navy cameraman.	他是个海军摄影师
[1:20:39]	Somehow or another, he was hit and blinded.	不知何故他被击中失明了
[1:20:42]	They had bandaged, in the field, his eyes, and some of it	他们当场给他包扎绷带的一部分
[1:20:46]	Was still hanging down.	挂在外面
[1:20:48]	He, of course, could not see.	他当然什么也看不到
[1:20:50]	They brought him up on the side of	他们把他扶到船边
[1:20:52]	the ship, and he got to the top,	他爬上去
[1:20:55]	and he’s reaching for help.	伸手求助
[1:20:57]	He can’t see a thing.	他看不见
[1:20:59]	And his buddies reached up and took him down.	他的伙计们上前扶他下来
[1:21:02]	And our commentary is,	我们的解说词是
[1:21:04]	“For this cameraman, the picture was over.”	“对这位摄影师来说影像已不在”
[1:21:07]	And that’s exactly what it was.	事实也如此
[1:21:10]	He never saw again.	他再也没能复明
[1:21:15]	Later that day, the Kamikazes came in.	那天稍晚神风敢死队来袭
[1:21:20]	These were guys	这些人
[1:21:20]	who were dedicated to giving their lives for their country.	为了他们的国家献身
[1:21:26]	And they crashed into us.	他们坠向我们
[1:21:30]	Our antiaircraft guns were working at them full-time.	我们防空火炮全天开火
[1:21:40]	And our other problem was our own flak coming down	而我们自己发射的防空弹落下后
[1:21:45]	did as much damage to many of us	对我们造成的伤害
[1:21:47]	as did the Kamikazes,	不亚于神风队
[1:21:49]	because it’d go right through your helmet,	因为防空弹会直接穿透头盔
[1:21:51]	of course, if it hit you directly.	一击必杀
[1:21:54]	Bull Halsey said,	博·豪西说过
[1:21:55]	“The Kamikazes were the only weapon I feared in the war.”	“神风敢死队是我在战争中唯一惧怕的武器”
[1:21:59]	There were over 1,300 of these suicide attacks.	有超过一千三百起自杀袭击
[1:22:02]	They sank 26 ships and damaged 300.	击沉了二十六艘军舰击伤了三百艘
[1:22:15]	The photographic record of these attacks	这些袭击的影像记录
[1:22:17]	includes some of the most astonishing footage of the war.	包含了一些战争中最惊人的画面
[1:22:20]	There were many near misses, as this one turned out to be,	正如这架很多敌机都擦肩而过
[1:22:24]	but most of the Navy casualties at Okinawa	冲绳战役中海军的大部分伤亡
[1:22:26]	are attributed to Kamikazes.	都拜神风敢死队所赐
[1:22:39]	They damaged some carriers but sunk none.	他们击伤了很多航空母舰但没击沉一艘
[1:22:42]	Yet they persisted.	但他们坚持不懈
[1:22:43]	The last kamikaze attack	最后一次神风队袭击
[1:22:44]	was mounted after the surrender.	发生于日本投降后
[1:22:49]	These B-24s are over Balikpapan in Borneo.	这些轰炸机正在婆罗洲巴厘巴板市上空
[1:22:52]	Known as the Ploesti of the Pacific,	这里是太平洋著名的油田
[1:22:54]	the huge oil refinery was bombed for 30 consecutive days	大型炼油厂被连续轰炸了三十天
[1:22:58]	in the summer of 1945.	那是1945年夏天
[1:23:02]	They were softening it up for what would be	他们这是为二战
[1:23:04]	the last amphibious landing of World War II.	最后一次两栖登陆战做铺垫
[1:23:09]	The American Coast Guard took Australian troops ashore.	美国海岸警卫队送澳大利亚部队登陆
[1:23:12]	Jerry Anker was there	杰瑞·安克
[1:23:14]	with his buddy Jim Lonergan, also a cameraman.	和他好友摄影师吉姆·郎尼根也在场
[1:23:17]	He wanted a picture of himself in action.	吉姆想要张自己行动的照片
[1:23:19]	Anker obliged with a snap that became famous in the photo histories.	安克于是抓拍了一张影史上的著名照片
[1:23:24]	When the landing craft hit the beach at balikpapan,	当登陆舰驶达巴厘巴板沙滩时
[1:23:28]	I said, “oh, my god, that idiot!”	我说”上帝啊那个傻瓜”
[1:23:30]	and I pulled up my four-by-five	我抽出了四乘五底片相机
[1:23:32]	and shot the picture of him,	拍了一张他的照片
[1:23:33]	And I only took one picture of it,	我也只拍了一张
[1:23:35]	And it turned out to be a prizewinner.	但这张照片就出名了
[1:23:41]	Here, in the war’s waning days, Anker was presented	战争渐近尾声安克在这里
[1:23:44]	with another more terrible photo opportunity.	拍到了另一个恐怖场景
[1:23:48]	I had been following this Australian infantryman with a flamethrower	我当时跟着一位澳大利亚喷火兵
[1:23:52]	around, I guess, for probably a half hour,	跟了大概半个小时
[1:23:55]	and it just so happened that when he shot	他当时朝洞穴里
[1:23:59]	this flamethrower into this cave,	喷火的时候
[1:24:01]	This Japanese soldier came running out in flames,	一个日本士兵燃烧着跑了出来
[1:24:05]	and I was able to photograph the entire sequence.	我刚好拍下了整个过程
[1:24:09]	To this day,	直到今日
[1:24:10]	I can still smell the stench of that burning body.	我依然能闻到肉体燃烧的恶臭
[1:24:15]	That one anonymous soldier, dying in agony,	那一位无名战士在痛苦中死亡
[1:24:18]	vividly symbolizes the waste of war.	鲜明的象征了战争之殇
[1:24:21]	Multiply his fate 100,000 times	将他的命运乘以十万次
[1:24:23]	and you begin to comprehend Hiroshima and Nagasaki.	你就能想象广岛和长崎的惨剧
[1:24:27]	But not entirely,	但不只如此
[1:24:29]	for as many people died later of radiation poisoning	因为还有同样多的人在核弹爆炸后
[1:24:32]	as died in the initial blasts.	死于核辐射
[1:24:35]	We are told these lives were traded for the many more	人们常说那些生命是必要的牺牲
[1:24:37]	that would have been lost on both sides	以避免进攻日本
[1:24:39]	in an invasion of Japan.	给双方带来更大伤亡
[1:24:41]	But all we know for sure is	但我们唯一能确定的是
[1:24:43]	that the atomic bombs brought the war to an abrupt end	原子弹使战争戛然而止
[1:24:46]	and finally stopped all the killing	将最终的伤亡人数定格在
[1:24:49]	at over 40 million.	四千万
[1:24:55]	At Nagasaki, as at the concentration camps,	在长崎正如和在集中营一样
[1:24:58]	the combat photographers had one last service to render.	战地摄影师还有最后一项任务
[1:25:02]	Dan McGovern speaks for all those	丹·麦戈文可以代表
[1:25:04]	Who entered this charnel house.	所有进入这座藏尸所的人
[1:25:07]	My effort was…	我的任务是
[1:25:09]	to show the world	向全世界展现
[1:25:12]	what the atomic bomb had done to a nation.	原子弹对一个国家的杀伤有多大
[1:25:15]	What it had done to human beings.	对人类的伤害有多大
[1:25:20]	The Sorayama School in Nagasaki…	长崎市立城山小学
[1:25:23]	Sucked out hundreds of kids through the windows.	几百名孩子被从窗中吸出
[1:25:27]	I remember one particular scene that I shot,	我还记得我拍摄的一个独特片段
[1:25:31]	and I couldn’t figure out	我不明白
[1:25:32]	what was wrong with this particular person.	为什么他如此特别
[1:25:35]	He reminded me of a monk,	他让我想起了和尚
[1:25:37]	or just a priest with his staff,	或是一个拄着拐杖的牧师
[1:25:40]	and he was standing up on a rise	他起身站着
[1:25:42]	looking over the hill of Nagasaki from the Urakami valley.	从浦川望向长崎诸山
[1:25:47]	He was a radiologist from the Nagasaki Teaching Hospital,	他是来自长崎附属医院的放射科医师
[1:25:51]	which was just down below the hill.	医院就建在山下
[1:25:53]	He told me then that he had lost his wife,	他告诉我他失去了自己的妻子
[1:25:56]	that he was suffering from radiation sickness.	忍受着辐射病的折磨
[1:26:00]	Two days later, he was gone.	两天后他就死了
[1:26:04]	Where people were sitting when the bomb exploded,	原子弹爆炸时人坐过的地方
[1:26:07]	permanent shadows were burned.	会留下永久阴影
[1:26:13]	It was the same way with things.	物体也一样
[1:26:15]	You can paint over the shadows, but you cannot erase them.	你可以用涂料掩盖影子但永远擦不掉
[1:26:21]	That was my effort.	这就是我的目的
[1:26:24]	Thought because we showed the…	希望通过展示
[1:26:27]	burned bodies of children,	烧焦的儿童尸体
[1:26:30]	people would cry out,	人们会大声疾呼
[1:26:33]	“let’s not do this again. “	“我们别再自相残杀了”
[1:26:39]	Yet we do.	但我们还在残杀
[1:26:41]	These pictures have been duplicated in every war	类似的照片在近半世纪的战争中
[1:26:44]	for over a half century.	重复出现
[1:26:46]	The children reach out to us in their abandonment,	弃儿向我们伸手求救
[1:26:49]	their incomprehensible loneliness.	他们的无助和孤独
[1:26:52]	The soldiers offer what comfort they can.	士兵们尽可能的安慰他们
[1:26:55]	These men and these children share the terrible bond of war.	战争的伤痛让这些成人和孩子联系在一起
[1:27:01]	But the soldiers will soon move on.	但士兵迟早要离开
[1:27:04]	They will not know the fates of these orphans	他们不会知道这些与他们
[1:27:05]	with whom they shared their humanity for a moment.	共享片刻人性的孤儿的命运
[1:27:09]	These picture ought to assure centuries of peace.	这些影像本该促成百年和平
[1:27:13]	They do not.	然而却没有
[1:27:16]	But it may be that after the shooting stops,	但也许拍摄结束的那一刻
[1:27:19]	the combat cameramen achieve their finest hour.	才是一位战地摄影师最释然的时刻

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